Description
DEPMPO is a nitrone that is used to spin trap reactive O-
, N-
, S-
, and C-
centered radicals and allow their characterization when used in association with electron spin resonance. It is noted for the stability of adducts formed.
1 DEPMPO can be used
in vitro or
in vivo, as it crosses lipid bilayer membranes and is a good trapping agent in biological systems.
2,3 DEPMPO-
biotin is a biotinylated form of DEPMPO which retains the outstanding persistency of its adducts.
4 The biotin moiety offers an effective means for monitoring biodistribution in cells, tissues, and organs when used with an avidin-
conjugated reporter. Importantly, DEPMPO-
biotin binds free radicals, such as S-
nitroso groups, on proteins, producing adducts that can be analyzed
via the biotin tag. This direct labeling of S-
nitrosothiols (SNO) thus serves as an effective alternative to the more cumbersome biotin-
switch method for monitoring SNO formation.
References
1. Khan, N., Wilmont, C.M., Rosen, G.M., et al.
Spin traps: In vitro toxicity and stability of radical adducts Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34(11),1473-1481(2003).
2. Anzai, K., Aikawa, T., Furukawa, Y., et al.
ESR measurement of rapid penetration of DMPO and DEPMPO spin traps through lipid bilayer membranes Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 415(2),251-256(2003).
3. Liu, K.J., Miyake, M., Panz, T., et al.
Evaluation of DEPMPO as a spin trapping agent in biological systems Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26,714-721(1999).
4. Chalier, F., Hardy, M., Ouari, O., et al.
Design of new derivatives of nitrone DEPMPO functionalized at C-4 for further specific applications in superoxide radical detection J. Org. Chem. 72,7886-7892(2007).
