Description
Protein arginine deiminase 3 (PAD3) catalyzes the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline within its cellular protein substrates, which include S100A3, trichohyalin, and filaggrin, resulting in the loss of a positive charge, which can alter protein structure and/or function. It exists as a homodimer and is composed of a C-terminal catalytic domain and an N-terminal domain that contains two immunoglobulin G (IgG) subdomains. PAD3 is primarily expressed by differentiated keratinocytes in the epidermis and hair follicles where it has roles in the shaping and mechanical strengthening of hair. It is also expressed by neural stem cells where it modulates cell death by regulating the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), in mammary glands where it citrullinates proteins during lactation, and cancer cells where it promotes cancer cell invasion. Mutations in
PADI3 are associated with uncombable hair syndrome. Cayman''s PAD3 Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 4E5) can be used for ELISA and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes PAD3 at ~74 kDa from human samples.
References
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10.1016/j.abb.2021.108911[2] F. B. ü BASMANAV. Mutations in Three Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Hair Shaft Formation Cause Uncombable Hair Syndrome.[J]. American journal of human genetics, 2016, 99 6 1: 1292-1304. DOI:
10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.004[3] KIN PONG U . Modulation of calcium-induced cell death in human neural stem cells by the novel peptidylarginine deiminase–AIF pathway[J]. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, 2014, 1843 6: Pages 1162-1171. DOI:
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.02.018[4] GUANGYUAN LI. Peptidylarginine Deiminase 3 (PAD3) Is Upregulated by Prolactin Stimulation of CID-9 Cells and Expressed in the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland[J]. PLoS ONE, 2016, 11 1. DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0147503[5] PINAR UYSAL-ONGANER. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibitor Application, Using Cl-Amidine, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 Isozyme-Specific Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Reveals Roles for PAD2 and PAD3 in Cancer Invasion and Modulation of Extracellular Vesicle Signatures.[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22 3. DOI:
10.3390/ijms22031396
