perampanel 3/4 hydrate

Definition

ChEBI: Perampanel hydrate is a hydrate obtained by combining four molecules of perampanel with three molecules of water. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. It has a role as an AMPA receptor antagonist and an anticonvulsant. It contains a perampanel.

Clinical Use

Perampanel is a selective, non-competitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antagonist approved for partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. Perampanel was discovered and developed by Eisai.

Synthesis

A number of synthetic routes to perampanel have been reported and the process scale route is described herein.Bromination of commercial 2-methoxypyridine (120) gave 5-bromo-2-methoxypridine 121 in 86% yield (the scheme). Lithium halogen exchange was then accomplished by treating 121 with nbutyllithium followed by reaction with 2-benzenesulfonylpyridine (122) to provide bi-aryl 123 which was hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give pyridine 124 in 60% overall yield. N-Arylation with triphenylboroxine (125) in the presence of copper acetate afforded N-aryl pyridine 126 in 91% yield. Pyridone 126 was reacted with N-bromosuccinimide to give bromopyridine 127 which was coupled with 2-(1,3,2-dioxaborinan-2-yl)benzonitrile (128) under palladium catalyzed conditions to give perampanel hydrate (XIX) in 86% yield after recrystallization from acetone/H2O.