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Abz-GIVRAK(Dnp) is the most efficient substrate for cathepsin B and is highly selective for this enzyme among lysosomal cysteine proteases. After Abz-GIVRAK(Dnp) is hydrolyzed, aminoacylbenziminosulfosuccinic acid (Abz-SAS) is released, and dinitrobenzoyl (Dnp) is also released. The product of this hydrolysis reaction, Abz-SAS, is fluorescent under ultraviolet light and can emit a fluorescent signal[1].

[1] Cotrin SS, et, al. Positional-scanning combinatorial libraries of fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptides to define substrate specificity of carboxydipeptidases: assays with human cathepsin B. Anal Biochem. 2004 Dec 15;335(2):244-52. DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2004.09.012