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Hispidin is a polyphenol originally isolated from P. hispidus that has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. In a trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, hispidin scavenges radicals at 14.47 equivalents of trolox (Item No. 10011659). It inhibits transcriptional activity of NF-κB, decreases inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and decreases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Hispidin inhibits apoptosis and increases insulin secretion in hydrogen peroxide-treated RINm5F pancreatic β-cells. It inhibits protein kinase C β (PKCβ; IC₅₀ = 2 μM) with no activity against alkaline phosphatase. Hispidin also inhibits β-secretase (BACE1; IC₅₀ = 4.9 μM) and prolyl endopeptidase (PE; IC₅₀ = 16 μM) but not other serine proteases when used at a concentration of 40 μM (0.6, 0, 8.2, and 3.1% inhibition of chymotrypsin, trypsin, elastase, and tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE), respectively).

Hispidin is a naturally occuring precursor to fungal luciferin responsible for luminosity in mushrooms.

ChEBI: Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).

Hispidin exhibits robust antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. It has the ability to guard against peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity, DNA damage and the development of hydroxyl radicals.

in previous study hispidin was found to reduce cell viability in both mouse and human colon cancer cells, and the apoptotic cell morphological changes were also observed. these results showed accumulation of the sub-g1 cell population and increase in early apoptosis dose-dependently. moreover, hispidin could induce apoptosis via up-regulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. although the molecular mechanism underlying hispidin-induced apoptosis was known to involve the generation of ros, however hispidin was not able to display any apoptosis in the pre-treatment with n-acetyl-l-cysteine, a ros scavenger [1].

previous animal study found that the treatment with pkc-activating agent phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate could attenuate exendin-4-induced relaxations and reduced glp-1r expression in wistar-kyoto rat arteries, which were reversed by hispidin [2].

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[1] lim jh, lee ym, park sr, kim dh, lim bo. anticancer activity of hispidin via reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. anticancer res. 2014 aug;34(8):4087-93.
[2] liu l, liu j, gao y, ng cf, yu x, dou d, huang y. protein kinase cβ mediates downregulated expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in hypertensive rat renal arteries. j hypertens. 2015 apr;33(4):784-90; discussion 790.