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Glycerophospholipids act as regulators of various enzyme activities, and can be used as biological markers to indicate pathological states.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) is synthesized from the precursor phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate(PI4P). PIP₂ is a phosphoinositide with three negative charges.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a signaling phospholipid, present in the plasma membrane. It acts as a precursor for inositide 3 phosphate, diacylglycerol. PIP2 is a gating ligand for most of the ion channels. It functions as an activatory ligand for eukaryotic inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels.