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  N-butylammonium iodide (BAI), is commonly added to 3D-perovskite precursor solutions to hinder the growth of 3D-perovskite grains, dramatically decreasing the roughness of films.
  Compared with methylammonium iodide (MAI), it is believed that ammonium ions with longer chains will not be able to fit at the corner of PbX4's (X = I, Br, Cl) octahedral layers - resulting in the formation of layered perovskite (a.k.a. Ruddlesden–Popper) structures. BAX-incorporated layers demonstrated great improvement on lifetime and operational stability for LED devices. ;

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