Chemical Properties
White Solid
Biological Activity
isoprinosine is a complex of acetaminobenzoic acid, dimethylaminoisopropanol, and inosine in a 3:3:1 ratio with immunomodulatory effects.immunotherapy is the treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response. immunomodulatory regimens usually have fewer side effects than existing drugs, such as less potential for creating resistance when treating microbial disease.
Mechanism of action
Isoprinosine is thought to act through a receptor for an inosine-like compound on T cell precursors. In vivo it appears to induce the production of more mature T cells and there is some evidence that it can increase the CD4:CD8 ratio in a variety of conditions. In addition, Isoprinosine enhances B-lymphocyte activity, possibly through effects on helper T cells. It also increases macrophage phagocytosis, releases cytokines that induce macrophage proliferation, including immune interferon and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2, and potentiates T-cell mitogens.
Clinical Use
Treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex, genital
warts, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
in vitro
previous study found that increasing concentrations of isoprinosine (50-400 μg/ml) could produce progressively growing inhibitory effect on hhv-1 replication. the combination of 1000 iu/ml ifn-α and isoprinosine could result in enhanced anti-hhv activity [1].
in vivo
previous study demonstrated the positive effect of isoprinosine treatment on persistent infection of balb/c mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. increased number of leukocytes, increased percentage of neutrophils, elevated levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies, reduced number of atypical lymphocytes and reduced virus titers were detected in the examined organs after a 14-day treatment. the positive effect of isoprinosine therapy vanished after 120-150 days [2].
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
None known
Metabolism
Hepatically metabolised. The major excretion
product of the inosine moiety is uric acid, while the
p-acetamidobenzoic acid and N,N-dimethylamino-
2-propanol components are excreted in the urine as
glucuronidated and oxidised products, respectively, as well
as being excreted unchanged
References
[1] majewska a, lasek w, janyst m, mynarczyk g. in vitro infibition of hhv-1 replication by inosine pranobex and interferon-α. acta pol pharm. 2016 may-jun;73(3):637-44.
[2] janíková o, anicová l, briestenská k, mistríková j. the effect of isoprinosine treatment on persistent infection of balb/c mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68. acta virol. 2017;61(1):32-38. doi: 10.4149/av_2017_01_32.
[3] beran j, alapová e, pajdel m; isoprinosine study (ewo iso-2014/1) team. inosine pranobex is safe and effective for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections: analysis and subgroup analysis from a phase 4, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. bmc infect dis. 2016 nov 7;16(1):648.
