ChemicalBook CAS DataBase List 35906-36-6

35906-36-6

Name	Sinegin 3
CAS	35906-36-6
Molecular Formula	C75H112O35
MDL Number	MFCD28124358
Molecular Weight	1573.67
MOL File	35906-36-6.mol

Chemical Properties

density	1.54±0.1 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
solubility	Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc.
form	Powder
pka	4.14±0.70(Predicted)
color	White to off-white

Hazard Information

Chemical Properties

White crystalline powder, soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. It is derived from Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

Uses

Onjisaponin B is an orally active natural product derived from Polygala tenuifolia. Onjisaponin B inhibits NF-κB p65. Onjisaponin B enhances autophagy and accelerates the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin. Onjisaponin B reduces β-amyloid (Aβ) production. Onjisaponin B reduces radiation-induced cell apoptosis. Onjisaponin B has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Onjisaponin B can be used for neurological disease and radiation injury study, and its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB[1][2][3][4].

Definition

ChEBI: Senegin III is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala senega var latifolia and has been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a cinnamate ester, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a triterpenoid saponin. It is functionally related to a 4-methoxycinnamic acid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane.

in vivo

Onjisaponin B (40 mg/kg; i.g.; once) cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB in mice^[2].
Onjisaponin B (20-40 mg/kg; i.g.; daily for 12 days) ameliorates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in a MPTP (HY-15608)-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mediated via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway^[2].
Onjisaponin B (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily from 4 to 7 months of age) reduces β-amyloid production and improve cognitive impairments in transgenic mice^[3].
Onjisaponin B (2.5 mg/kg; p.o.; 4 days prior to irradiation) significantly reduces pathological changes and apoptosis and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the lung tissue of p65+/- mice following radiation^[4].

Animal Model:	C57BL/6J-Rela^em1Smoc mice (p65^+/- mice)^[4]
Dosage:	2.5 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral gavage (p.o.); 4 days prior to irradiation
Result:	Inhibited p65 and cas3 activation caused by p65, and significantly reduced pathological changes and apoptosis (caused by down-regulation of p65) and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the lung tissue of p65^+/- mice following radiation, but not in the thymus.

Animal Model:	C57BL/6J mice (male, 12 weeks old)^[2]
Dosage:	20, 40 mg/kg
Administration:	Intragastric gavage (i.g.); daily for 12 days
Result:	Had a neuroprotective effect on MPTP (HY-15608) induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model mice. Recovered MPTP-induced motor impairment. Reduced the number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1)-positive cells, suppressed microglial activation induced by MPTP. Inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Decreased MDA levels but increased SOD levels, exerted antioxidant abilities in PD model mice.

Animal Model:	APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic mice^[3]
Dosage:	10 mg/kg (200 μL (1 mg/mL) per 20 g body weight)
Administration:	Oral gavage (p.o.); daily from 4 to 7 months of age
Result:	No obvious toxic effects in mice. Did not alter mouse locomotor activity. Ameliorated cognitive impairments in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/ presenilin 1 (PS1) mice. Showed significantly lower numbers of 6E10-positive Aβ plaque and reduced plaque area.

References

[1] Wu AG, et al. Onjisaponin B derived from Radix Polygalae enhances autophagy and accelerates the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin in PC-12 cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Nov 15;14(11):22618-41. DOI:10.3390/ijms141122618
[2] Peng F, et al. The onjisaponin B metabolite tenuifolin ameliorates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport. 2020 Apr 8;31(6):456-465. DOI:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001428
[3] Li X, et al. Traditional Chinese Nootropic Medicine Radix Polygalae and Its Active Constituent Onjisaponin B Reduce β-Amyloid Production and Improve Cognitive Impairments. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 8;11(3):e0151147. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151147
[4] Wang TY, et al. Targeting p65 to inhibit Cas3 transcription by Onjisaponin B for radiation damage therapy in p65+/- mice. Phytomedicine. 2022 Sep;104:154317. DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154317

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