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• Physical Properties

  Indolizine and its alkyl derivatives are generally of low-mp or high- bp liquid, sensitive to light and air. They are steam volatile. The stability of indolizines is increased by the presence of substituents. The presence of aryl substituent at both the C2- and C5-positions increases stability and decreases steam volatility. The pKaH (3.9) of indolizine is much more basic than indole (pKaH −3.5).;

• Chemical Reactivity

  Indolizines are chemically quite reactive and readily undergo electrophilic substitution reactions similar to indole and isoindoles but show resistance to nucleophilic substitution reactions. The preferential site for electrophilic substitution is C3 but may also take place at C1 as evident from the resonating structures. It is resistant to acid-catalyzed polymerization. As regards protonation of indolizine it is protonated preferentially at C3 but in the case of the preoccupied C3-position by an electron-donating substituent, protonation takes place at C1.;

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