27220-59-3

Antimycin (A3C26H36N2O9) and (Antimycin A1) C28H40N2O9 are crystalline solids.

Antimycin A4 is the most polar of the major components of the antimycin complex, first isolated in 1958 from Streptomyces blastimyceticus and co-produced with antimycin A3. Like all antimycins, antimycin A4 is a potent inhibitor of respiration by inhibiting the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubiquinone. Antimycin A4 exhibits broad biological activity as an antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, antiviral and antitumor active. Lack of availability of the individual antimycin components has hindered greater understanding of the common and unique molecular targets of the components of the antimycin complex.

Specific uses for antimycin A were not found, however, antimycin A1, and antimycin A3 are reported to be antibiotic substances produced by streptomyces for use as a fungicide, possible insecticide and miticide. Registered as a pesticide in the U.S.

Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy.

UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Antimycin A₄ is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A₁ , antimycin A₂ , and antimycin A₃ . Antimycin A₄ inhibits ATP-citrate lyase with a K_i value of 64.8 μM. The antimycin A complex is a mixture of antimycins A₁, A₂, A₃, and A₄ that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties. It blocks mitochondrial respiration and can deplete cellular levels of ATP via inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Antimycin A prevents the transfer of electrons between the b-cytochromes and ubiquinone at the Q(inner) site of complex III. This results in the stabilization of the ubisemiquinone radical at the Q(outer) site of complex III, leading to increased production of superoxide. Antimycin A is widely used in research to shunt electron flow through the ETC to study the chemical details of oxygen respiration. Additionally, antimycin A has been shown to inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, inducing apoptosis.

Poison by subcutaneous,intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. When heated todecomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.