Description
C18 Ganglioside G
D3-d
3 is intended for use as an internal standard in the quantification of ganglioside G
D3 by GC- or LC-MS. Ganglioside G
D3 is synthesized by the addition of two sialic acid residues to lactosylceramide and can serve as a precursor to the formation of more complex gangliosides by the action of glycosyl- and sialyltransferases. With roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, its expression increases during development and in pathological conditions such as cancer.
1 Furthermore, the intracellular accumulation of ganglioside G
D3 can contribute to mitochondrial damage, a crucial event during apoptosis.
2 Ganglioside G
D3 has become a target for therapeutic approaches to prevent malignant properties of tumor cells like melanoma.
1,3 As this product is derived from a natural source, there may also be variations in the sphingoid backbone.
References
1. Hamamura, K., Furukawa, K., Hayashi, T., et al. Ganglioside GD3 promotes cell growth and invasion through p130Cas and paxillin in malignant melanoma cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(31),11041-11046(2005).
2. De Maria, R., Lenti, L., Malisan, F., et al. Requirement for GD3 ganglioside in CD95- and ceramide-induced apoptosis Science 277(5332),1652-1655(1997).
3. Nicoll, G., Avril, T., Lock, K., et al. Ganglioside GD3 expression on target cells can modulate NK cell cytotoxicity via siglec-7-dependent and -independent mechanisms Eur. J. Immunol. 33(6),1642-1648(2003).
