2692624-19-2

1-Palmitoyl-d3-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC (Item No. 10172) by GC- or LC-MS. 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is the ubiquitous lipid species generated following phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.1 It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) when used at a concentration of 125 µM.2 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC potentiates the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated M1 macrophages, but has no effect on CD163, CD206, CD36, or IL-10 in LPS-stimulated M2 macrophages when used at concentrations of 0.3 and 1.0 µM.3 It increases TGF-β1 production and enhances Foxp3 protein levels in Treg cells in isolated human peripheral blood when used at a concentration of 10 µM.4 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC enhances neutrophil function, bacterial clearance, and survival in mouse models of sepsis when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.5WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use.

[1] JESÚS BALSINDE  Edward A D  Michelle V Winstead. Phospholipase A2 regulation of arachidonic acid mobilization[J]. FEBS Letters, 2002, 531 1: Pages 2-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03413-0
[2] SHINKYU CHOI. Superoxide generated by lysophosphatidylcholine induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase downregulation in human endothelial cells.[J]. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 2010, 25 2-3: 233-240. DOI: 10.1159/000276557
[3] XIAOFEI QIN  Luosha Z  Chunguang Qiu. Lysophosphatidylcholine perpetuates macrophage polarization toward classically activated phenotype in inflammation[J]. Cellular immunology, 2014, 289 1: Pages 185-190. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.04.010
[4] HITOSHI HASEGAWA . Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the suppressive function of human naturally occurring regulatory T cells through TGF-β production[J]. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2011, 415 3: Pages 526-531. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.119
[5] JI-JING YAN. Therapeutic effects of lysophosphatidylcholine in experimental sepsis[J]. Nature Medicine, 2004, 10 2: 161-167. DOI: 10.1038/nm989