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X59 can be used in the formation of hole transporting layer (HTL) for the fabrication of polymeric solar cells (PSCs) and perovskite solar cells.

Spiro[9H-fluorene-9,9′-[9H]xanthene]-2,7-diamine (X59) is a hole transporting material (HTM), which has a spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] as a core component. It can be synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig reaction. It shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.8%.