1815618-17-7

Cortistatin-29 is a neuropeptide that is structurally similar to somatostatin-28. It is produced by cleavage of preprocortistatin to procortistatin, which is cleaved at dibasic amino acids to form cortistatin-29 and cortistatin-14 as well as other partial cleavage products. Cortistatin mRNA is expressed in the human brain and in interneurons of the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Cortistatin-29 binds to somatostatin (SST) receptors with IC₅₀ values of 2.8, 7.1, 0.2, 3, and 13.7 nM for SST_1-5, respectively. Cortistatin-29 is found at similar levels as cortistatin-14 in mouse AtT20 cells but is secreted at a lower level. Cortistatin-29 corresponds to residues 85-112 of the rat peptide sequence.

Cortistatin-29 is a neuropeptide. Cortistatin-29 alleviates neuropathic pain. Cortistatin-29 binds all somatostatin (SS) receptor subtypes with high affinity and shows IC50 values of 2.8 nM, 7.1 nM, 0.2 nM, 3.0 nM, 13.7 nM for SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5, respectively. Cortistatin-29 shows anti-fibrotic effects[1][2][3][4].

SSTR1: 2.8 nM (IC₅₀); SSTR2: 7.1 nM (IC₅₀); SSTR3: 0.2 nM (IC₅₀); SSTR4: 3.0 nM (IC₅₀); SSTR5: 13.7 nM (IC₅₀)

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[1] Falo CP, et al. The Neuropeptide Cortistatin Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Experimental Models of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Jun 24;13(7):947. DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics13070947
[2] Baranowska B, et al. Direct effect of cortistatin on GH release from cultured pituitary cells in the rat. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006 Feb-Apr;27(1-2):153-6. PMID:16648801
[3] Spier AD, et al. Cortistatin: a member of the somatostatin neuropeptide family with distinct physiological functions. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Sep;33(2-3):228-41. DOI:10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00031-x
[4] Benitez R, et al. Cortistatin regulates fibrosis and myofibroblast activation in experimental hepatotoxic- and cholestatic-induced liver injury. Br J Pharmacol. 2022 May;179(10):2275-2296. DOI:10.1111/bph.15752