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WWamide-1 is a neuromodulatory peptide from the ganglia of Afrian giant snail, Achatina fulica.

WWamide-1 is a neuropeptide, which can be isolated form Achatina fulica. WWamide-1 inhibits central neurons of snails, regulates the snail muscle contraction. WWamide-1 inhibits the contraction of anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM), enhances the contraction of the radular traction muscle, through effects on presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane of the muscle[1].

[1] Minakata H, et al., WWamide-1, -2 and -3: novel neuromodulatory peptides isolated from ganglia of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica. FEBS Lett. 1993 May 24;323(1-2):104-8. DOI:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81458-c