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Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) metformin is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic acid metformin exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). EEicosapentaenoic acid metformin activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic acid metformin can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation[1][2][3].

[1] Martins, J.G., EPA but not DHA appears to be responsible for the efficacy of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in depression: evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr, 2009. 28(5): p. 525-42. DOI:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719785
[2] Miaozhen Pan, et al. Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective for myopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Oct 26;118(43):e2104689118. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2104689118
[3] Shun-he Wang, et al. Endogenous omega-3 long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis from alpha-linolenic acid is affected by substrate levels, gene expression, and product inhibition. RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 40946-40951.