13078-04-1

Colourless Oil

A nicotinic receptor agonist

insecticide

ChEBI: A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.

Anatabine is an alkaloid found in the root, fibrous roots, or bark of Alangium chinense (Lour) Harms. The herb was recorded in “Jianyi Bencao,” “Bencao Gangmu Shiyi,” and “Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao.” Alangium chinense is widely distributed in the east and south of China. It is also called “Bailongxu” in Shaanxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces, “Baijintiao” in Guangxi province, and “Bajiaowutong,” “Bajiaojinpan,” or “Laolongxu” in Jiangxi and Hubei provinces. This plant is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine. The Alangium species includes more than 30 plants which are distributed in Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Nine of these plants are distributed in China. The root and the stem parts of Alangium plants are toxic.

Appearance: Colorless to yellow liquid. Solubility: Soluble in water and common organic solvents. Boiling point: 110?°C. Refractive index: 1.5418. Density: 1.0516?g cm?3.

Alangium chinense contains alkaloids, sugars, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, anthraquinones and their glycosides, and other ingredients. In 1974, dl-anabasine was isolated from the fibrous roots of Alangium chinense . Four isoquinoline alkaloids including two new alkaloids (?)-10-O-dimethyl-eugenol base and 10-O-dimethyl-eugenol base were isolated. P-amyrin acetate, triacontanol, and β-sitosterol were then found in its leaves . Seven glycosides were isolated from the water-soluble fraction of dried leaves of Alangium chinense, and eight glycosides were also isolated from the n-butanol soluble part . Three new lignincompounds including 2-O-(β-apio-furanosyl)-β-glucoside, E ferulic acid ester, and Z ferulic acid ester were extracted from Alangium chinense, and their structures were determined. Nakamoto et?al. extracted 7-O-acetylmaleic acid from Alangium chinense and determined the structure. There are also long-chain fatty acids and short-chain alkanes in Alangium chinense leaves. The volatile oil was then analyzed, and 59 components are identified by GC-MS.?The total alkaloid content in the Alangium chinense was found to be fibrous root > fine root > coarse root > branch wood > leaf.

Alangium plants have wide pharmacological effects including muscle relaxation, central inhibition, anticancer, antibacterial, and so on. The “Jisong-II” injection has presynaptic and postsynaptic effects on the neuromuscular junction, and it acts as noncompetitive muscular relaxant . In 1979, the respiratory suppression experiments showed that Alangium chinense is a central nervous system depressant . The extract of Alangium chinense significantly inhibits the growth of P388 lymphoblastic leukemia and Gardner lymphosarcoma in mice, but it has no effect on Gross virus-induced leukemia, Warner myelomonocytic leukemia, and B16 melanoma . Another study reported that the anabasine could excite respiratory similar to nicotine and lobeline. Anabasine also induces high blood pressure and bradycardia. The components in the Alangium chinense extract can bind to the M, 5-HT and dopamine receptors indicating that Alangium chinense affects the central nervous system.

The Alangium chinense was used for treating rheumatoid arthritis.