General Description
Pale yellow needles (from acetic acid or benzene) or yellow powder.
Reactivity Profile
Literature sources indicate that this compound is flammable. . Aromatic nitrates range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Fire Hazard
Literature sources indicate that this compound is flammable.
Uses
TNF-α influences the growth and function of both normal and neoplastic cells. TNF-α causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells being synergistic with γ-interferon in its cytotoxicity.
Uses
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α from mouse, a potent proinflammatory cytokine has been used:
- to activate MS1 endothelium cells
- to induce lipolysis in adipocytes
- to study its effect on liganded and unliganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 gene regulation
Hazard
Suspected carcinogen. Mildly toxic by
ingestion. A skin and eye irritant.
Biochem/physiol Actions
The TNFA (tumor necrosis factor α) gene is significantly associated with the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Polymorphism of TNFA gene is known to cause acute motor axonal neuropathy. The cytokine release and gene action is associated with epithelial cells, myeloid cells, endothelial, as well as tumor cells. Tumor cells are known to release TNFA, specifically in response to chemotherapy
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from nitric acid/water (3:1), wash it with water and dry it under vacuum over P2O5, or recrystallise it from dry *benzene. [Beilstein 7 II 410, 7 III 2348, 7 IV 1638.]
