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4-Oxo-4H-pyran-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid 2,5-Diethyl Ester is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Defluoro Dolutegravir (D228715), which is an impurity of Dolutegravir (D528800), a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. Dolutegravir is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection. Dolutegravir has been shown to potently inhibit HIV replication in cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), MT-4 cells and CIP4 cells infected with a self-inactivating PHIV lentiviral vector.