Chemical Properties
Yellow Solid
Uses
β-Adrenergic agonist. Growth promotant.
Uses
Zilpaterol is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist that putatively through activation of protein kinase A increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle fibers, as well as reduces lipogenesis and increases lipolysis in adipose tissues. It was approved by the FDA in 2006 as a veterinary food additive for the purpose of increasing lean body weight and improving feed efficiency in commercial beef cattle.
Definition
ChEBI: Zilpaterol is a benzazepine.
Biological Activity
zilpaterol is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist.β-adrenergic receptors, prototypic g-protein-coupled receptors, play a key role in regulating numerous physiological processes.
in vitro
previus study found that there was no effect of zilpaterol (zh) on thymidine incorporation into dna. zh at 1 μm could decrease β1-ar mrna, and 0.01 and 1 μm zh decreased β2-ar and β3-ar mrna in myoblasts. there was no effect of zh on the β-ar or igf-i gene expression in fused myotube cultures. the β2-ar antagonist ici-118, 551 attenuated the effect of zh to reduce expression of β1- and β2-ar mrna. there was no effect of ici-118, 551 or zh on β3-ar or igf-i. in addition, the total lipid synthesis from acetate was increased by zh in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue explants in the absence of theophylline [1].
in vivo
fda has approved label claims of increased rate of bw gain, improved feed efficiency, and increased carcass leanness. the feeding of zh for 20 to 40 d with a 3-d withdrawal resulted in significantly increased adg. such increases equate to an average of 9 kg heavier bw in zh-fed steers. moreover, hot carcass weight has been shown to increase to a larger degree compared with bw, with an average improvement of 15 kg [2].
References
[1] miller, e. k.,chung, k.y.,hutcheson, j.p., et al. zilpaterol hydrochloride alters abundance of β-adrenergic receptors in bovine muscle cells but has little effect on de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue explants. journal of animal science 90(4), 1317-1327 (2012).
[2] delmore, r. j.,hodgen, j.m. and johnson, b.j. perspectives on the application of zilpaterol hydrochloride in the united states beef industry. journal of animal science 88(8), 2825-2828 (2010).
