Syringin is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from
A. senticosus that enhances acetylcholine release in pancreatic cells leading to an increase in insulin release through the muscarinic M
3 receptor.
1,2 Syringin dose-dependently (50, 75, and 100 μg/kg, i.v.) decreases plasma glucose levels and increases insulin-like immunoreactivity and C-peptide in rats, and these effects last at least 60 minutes. In a rat model of type 1 diabetes, it decreases plasma glucose and increases β-endorphin release from the adrenal medulla.
3 Syringin increases autophagy through AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) activation concomitant with preventing the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in mice following aortic banding.
4 It also has immunomodulatory effects, likely due to its metabolite sinapyl alcohol.
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