-
解説
平滑筋収縮剤。麦角(ばっかく)から抽出されたアルカロイドで、子宮や血管の平滑筋を興奮させる。自律神経のα(アルファ)受容体を遮断して抗アドレナリン作用を示す。頭部血管に対して収縮効果が大きく、片頭痛の治療薬として用いられ、子宮収縮の目的では使用されなくなった。［幸保文治］[参照項目] | アルカロイド
小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
-
効能
抗片頭痛薬, 血管収縮薬, α1アドレナリン受容体拮抗薬, セロトニン受容体拮抗薬
-
説明
Ergotamine and ergometrine belong to two kinds of ergot alkaloids. Ergot (Claviceps
purpurea, 麦角) is the sclerotium of ergot fungus that grows in the rye and related
cereal and forage plants. The ergot is grown in the northeast and north China and
Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and other places. At present, the method of
growth of ergot is inoculation cultivation.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that ergot is tasteless, tepid, toxic, liver
meridian, and kidney meridian. The traditional usage of ergot is oral administration
of extractum, 2–4 ml each time, daily amount of 6–8 ml. Its dosage forms also contain
infusion, pills, injection, etc. Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine records ergot
can be used for uterine contraction, uterine bleeding, and postpartum hemorrhage
after delivery, incomplete recovery of uterus, retrogression, etc. The Plateau
Chinese herbal medicine treatment manual records that ergot can cure migraine.
-
化学的特性
Ergotamine tartrate is a crystalline solid.
-
物理的性質
Appearance: White or slightly yellow fine crystalline powder with slight hygroscopicity.
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in ether and
chloroform.
-
使用
Antimigraine.
-
適応症
Ergometrine maleate is used in the form of extract tumor injection. As a uterotonic,
ergometrine maleate is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of uterine
bleeding caused by weak or poor uterine contraction after delivery or abortion, as
well as the incomplete recovery of postpartum uterus to accelerate the recovery of
uterus.
Ergotamine tartrate is used for the treatment of migraine in the form of tablet and
parenteral solution. It also can be used for other neurogenic headache as well.
-
一般的な説明
Powder or liquid forms available as drugs. Used in obstetrics and in the treatment of migraine headaches.
-
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
-
反応プロフィール
ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE is sensitive to prolonged exposure to heat and light. . When heated to decomposition, ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Protect from light and heat [EPA, 1998].
-
健康ハザード
High oral toxicity and a convulsant in humans.People with liver damage are at a greater risk.
-
火災危険
When heated to decomposition, ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Protect from light and heat
-
臨床応用
Ergonovine maleate is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of the weak
uterine contraction or poor contraction caused by uterine bleeding after delivery or
abortion. It is also used for incomplete recovery of postpartum uterus to accelerate
the recovery of the uterus.
Ergotamine tartrate is mainly used for the treatment of migraine by relieving the
symptoms. However, it is only suitable for short-term usage of headache attacks,
normally does not prevent migraine. The combination of ergotamine tartrate and
caffeine is better than single oral administration with the mild side effects. It also
can be used for other neurogenic headaches.
-
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. An
experimental teratogen. Human systemic
effects by ingestion: hallucinations, dstorted
perceptions, convulsions, nausea or
vomiting, blood pressure elevation.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. Used in production
of drugs of abuse. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also ERGOT.
-
職業ばく露
(Toxicity evaluation); Suspected
reprotoxic hazard, Suspected of causing genetic defects.
The major uses of the ergot alkaloids fall into two categories: applications in obstetrics and treatment of migraine
headaches. May be used in the production of “street” drugs
-
輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required
-
純化方法
It crystallises from MeOH. [Beilstein 25 III/IV 964.]
-
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, light, and heat
