-
外観
白色～うすい黄色粉末～結晶
-
用途
殺菌剤, 天然ゴム、合成ゴム用加硫促進剤。
-
効能
殺真菌薬
-
説明
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is a rubber chemieal, an
accelerator of vulcanization. It represents the most
commonly positive allergen contained in the "thiuram
mix". The most frequent occupational categories are
the metal industry, homemakers, health services and
laboratories, building industries, and shoemakers.
-
化学的特性
white to almost white powder
-
物理的性質
Colorless to white to cream-colored crystals. May darken on exposure to air or light.
-
使用
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is used as fungicide; bacteriostat; pesticide; rubber vulcanization accelerator; scabicide; seed disinfectant; animal repellent; insecticide;
lube-oil additive; wood preservative; in antiseptic sprays; in the blending of lubrieant oils; used against Botrytis, rusts and downy
mildews; seed dressing against "damping off' and verticillium wilt; ethanol antagonist and deterrent in mixtures of the methyl, ethyl,
propyl, and butyl derivatives; antioxidant in polyolefin plastics; peptizing agent in polysulphide elastomers; in soaps and rodent
repellents; nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant.
-
定義
ChEBI: An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.
-
一般的な説明
A liquid solution of a white crystalline solid. Primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.
-
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water. Decomposes in acidic media to give toxic products. Decomposes to an extent on prolonged exposure to heat, air or moisture.
-
反応プロフィール
TMTD is incompatible with oxidizing materials and strong acids. Also incompatible with strong alkalis and nitrating agents .
-
危険性
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, irritant
to skin and eyes. Body weight and hematologic
effects. Questionable carcinogen.
-
健康ハザード
Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Liquid irritates eyes and skin and may cause allergic eczema in sensitive individuals. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, all of which may be persistent; paralysis may develop.
-
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating oxides of sulfur are formed. Carbon disulfide may be formed from unburned material.
-
农业用途
Fungicide, Rodenticide: Thiram is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damage
in the field and to prevent crops from deterioration
in storage or transport. Thiram is also used as a seed, nut,
fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal
diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent
to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage
by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram has been used in the
treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericide
applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer
and as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats. It is also used
as a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be used
in the blending of lubricant oils. Registered for use in EU
countries. Registered for use in the U.S.
-
接触アレルゲン
TITD is a rubber vulcanization accelerator
-
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
and teratogenic data. Other experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported, Affects human pulmonary system.
A rmld allergen and irritant. Acute poisoning
in experimental animals produced liver,
hdney, and brain damage. Dangerous in a
fire; see NITROGEN MONOXIDE and
SULFUR DIOXIDE.
-
職業ばく露
Thiram is a dithiocarbamate. Some thiurams have been used as rubber components: thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer; a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant; a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats; and as an ingredient in suntan and antiseptic sprays and soaps. It is also used as a fungicide, rodent repellent; wood preservative; and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils.
-
発がん性
Thiram also was not carcinogenic in rats
by gavage or in mice by single subcutaneous
injection. In skin painting studies in mice
thiram had tumor-initiating and -promoting
activity but was not a complete carcinogen.
Thiram was genotoxic to insects, plants,
fungi, and bacteria: it induced sister chromatid
exchange and unscheduled DNA synthesis in
cultured human cells. Despite established
genotoxicity in vitro, it showed no clastogenic
and/or aneugenic activity in vivo after oral
administration to mice at the maximum tolerated
dose.
-
代謝経路
Dialkyldithiocarbamates chelate copper and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase.
It is likely that the mode of action of chelators is principally through
their effect on lipoamide containing dehydrogenases (Corbett et al., 1984).
Thiram generates dimethyldithiocarbamic acid by being cleaved in acidic
conditions and in biological media. The acid is conjugated with glucose
and alanine in plants and with glucuronic acid in mammals. Dimethyldithiocarbamic
acid is further degraded to dimethylamine and CS2. An
extensive review of the properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides was published
by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 1988) from which much
of the following information is taken.
-
輸送方法
UN2771 Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
-
純化方法
Crystallise thiram (three times) from boiling CHCl3, then recrystallise it from boiling CHCl3 by adding EtOH dropwise to initiate crystallisation, and allow it to cool. Finally it is precipitated from cold CHCl3 by adding EtOH (which retains the monosulfide in solution). [Ferington & Tobolsky J Am Chem Soc 77 4510 1955, Beilstein 4 IV 242.]
-
不和合性
Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from strong alkaline materials, strong acids, strong bases and nitrating agents.
-
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Thiram can be dissolved in alcohol or other flammable solvent and burned in an incinerator with an afterburner and scrubber.
