4-ヒドロキシブタン酸ナトリウム

効能

補助麻酔薬

説明

Xyrem is distributed by Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA). It is an oral solution of sodium oxybate prescribed for narcoleptic patients to treat extreme daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Xyrem is also known as sodium oxybate which is the same as gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a drug of abuse. GHB is endogenously produced and present in the central nervous system (CNS) in small concentrations. Accidental overdosing has led to many hospitalizations and deaths. Because of the tendency to abuse GHB, it was classified as a schedule I controlled substance. This meant that GHB had a high potential for abuse and no medical purpose. However, in 2002, because of a series of clinical trials that demonstrated that the compound reduces cataplexy attacks, it was approved for use under the trademark Xyrem. Since GHB had previously been used as a ‘date-rape’ drug, Xyrem is considered a schedule III controlled substance and is distributed in accordance with strict FDA regulations. Xyrem may only be ordered through the ‘Xyrem Success Program.’ Illegal use is punishable under federal and state laws.

化学的特性

white crystalline powder

使用

4-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt is an agonist to both GHB and GABAB neural receptors, exhibiting neurotransmitter-like effects. It has been used as a general anesthetic in treatment for sleep disorders and clinical depression, but also has been identified as a “date rape drug”.

環境運命予測

Xyrem is a water-soluble white to off-white powder, which can be disposed by dumping the oral solution down the sanitary sewer system. This is the preferred method of disposal for drugs which have a high potential for abuse and/or accidental overdose.