trans-1,2-ジクロロエチレン (安定剤：MEHQ)

外観

無色～黄色, 澄明の液体

性質

(E)1,2-ジクロロエテン：E，Z混合物から分別蒸留によって分離される．融点－49.4 ℃，沸点48.4 ℃．d₁₅ 1.265．n²⁰ 1.445．強アルカリを用いた処理により，クロロアセチレンを生成する．

溶解性

水に微溶 (4.1g/L), エタノール, エーテルに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。

化学的特性

colourless liquid

物理的性質

Colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor. Odor threshold concentration is 17 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983).

使用

trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene is used in the preparation of solvents and in chemical mixtures. It also acts as a synthetic agent and active constituent of perfumes. Further, it is used for electronics cleaning, precision cleaning and metal cleaning activities.

一般的な説明

Clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point 43°F.

空気と水の反応

Highly flammable. Oxidizes in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously. Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE reacts with alkalis, difluoromethylene, dihypofluorite, and nitrogen tetraoxide. Contact with solid alkalis or their concentrated solutions will cause formation of chloroacetylene, which ignites in air. Avoid contact with copper and copper alloys. Corrosive to metals unless an inhibitor has been added. Oxidation in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or a free radical initiator gives chloroacetyl chloride via epoxide intermediates. Incompatible with organic peroxides .

火災危険

TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is flammable.

安全性プロファイル

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mddly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: sleep, hallucinations, and distorted perceptions. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin and eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Exposure to high vapor concentration can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, and cramps. Recovery is usually prompt following removal from exposure. Dermatitis may result from defatting action on skin. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidtzers. Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. Violent reaction with difluoromethylene dihypofluorite. Forms shock-sensitive explosive mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide. Reaction with solid caustic alkahes or their concentrated solutions produces chloracetylene gas that ignites spontaneously in air. Reacts violently with N2O4, KOH, Na, NaOH. Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water spray, foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORIDES; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC; and ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS.

職業ばく露

Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). 1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a solvent for waxes, resins, and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of rubber, as a refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and artificial pearls; and in the extraction of oils and fats from fish and meat.

環境運命予測

Soil. In a methanogenic aquifer material, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene biodegraded to vinyl chloride (Wilson et al., 1986). Under anoxic conditions trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, when subjected to indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments, degraded to vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986). trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene showed slow to moderate degradation concomitant with the rate of volatilization in a static-culture flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, percent losses after 4 wk of incubation were 95 and 93, respectively. The amount lost due to volatilization was 26 to 33% after 10 d (Tabak et al., 1981).
Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 10-d BOD value of 0.05 g/g which is 7.6% of the ThOD value of 0.66 g/g.
Photolytic. Carbon monoxide, formic and hydrochloric acids were reported to be photooxidation products (Gay et al., 1976).

輸送方法

UN1150 Dichloroethylene, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

純化方法

Dry it with MgSO4, and fractionally distil it under CO2. Fractional crystallisation at low temperatures has also been used. [Beilstein 1 IV 709.]

不和合性

May form explosive mixture with air. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Gradual decomposition results in hydrochloric acid formation in the presence of ultraviolet light or upon contact with hot metal or other hot surfaces. Reacts with strong bases; potassium hydroxide; difluoromethylene, dihypofluoride, nitrogen tetroxide (explosive); or copper (and its alloys) producing toxic chloroacetylene which is spontaneously flammable on contact with air. Attacks some plastics and coatings.

廃棄物の処理

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.