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外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
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定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される有機化合物である。
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溶解性
水に易溶 (44g/100g, 0℃ ; 160g/100g, 100℃), エタノールに微溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けにくい。
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解説
CHNaO2(68.01)．HCOONa．ギ酸ナトリウムは，ギ酸を水酸化ナトリウムで中和すると得られる．工業的には，一酸化炭素と水酸化ナトリウムを加圧下で加熱反応させる．無色の単斜晶系の結晶性粉末．融点253 ℃．d2041.92．水に易溶．強熱すると水素とシュウ酸ナトリウムになる．シュウ酸，ギ酸の製造に用いる．有機合成試薬，還元剤，貴金属の沈殿試薬としても用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
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化粧品の成分用途
防腐剤
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説明
Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH. It usually appears as a white deliquescent powder.
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化学的特性
white crystals
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物理的性質
White crystals; slightly hygroscopic; faint odor of formic acid; density 1.92 g/cm3; melts at 253°C; decomposes on further heating, first forming sodium oxalate and hydrogen and then sodium carbonate; very soluble in water; the aqueous solution neutral, pH about 7; soluble in glycerol; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
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使用
Sodium formate is used in several fabric dyeing and printing processes. It is also used as a buffering agent for strong mineral acids to increase their pH, and as a food additive ( E237 ) .
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製造方法
Sodium formate can be prepared in the laboratory by neutralizing formic acid with sodium carbonate. It can also be obtained by reacting chloroform with an alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide.
CHCl3 + 4NaOH → HCOONa + 3NaCl + 2H2O
or by reacting sodium hydroxide with chloral hydrate.
C2HCl3(OH)2 + NaOH → CHCl3 + HCOONa + H2O
The latter method is, in general, preferred to the former because the low aqueous solubility of CHCl3 makes it easier to separate out from the sodium formate solution, by fractional crystallization, than the soluble NaCl would be.
For commercial use, sodium formate is produced by absorbing carbon monoxide under pressure in solid sodium hydroxide at 160 °C.
CO + NaOH → HCOONa
Sodium formate may also be created via the haloform reaction between ethanol and sodium hypochlorite in the presence of a base.
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定義
ChEBI: An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of formic acid.
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一般的な説明
Sodium formate is the colorless sodium salt of formic acid. It can be prepared by reacting formic acid with sodium hydroxide or carbonate. Its crystal structure has been investigated. Its crystals exhibit monoclinic-holohedral symmetry.
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安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NazO. See also FORMIC ACID.
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純化方法
A saturated aqueous solution at 90o (0.8mL water/g) is filtered and allowed to cool slowly. (The final temperature should be above 30o to prevent formation of the hydrate.) After two such crystallissations, the crystals are dried in an oven at 130o, then under high vacuum. [Westrum et al. J Phys Chem 64 1553 1960, Roecker & Meyer J Am Chem Soc 108 4066 1986.] The salt has also been recrystallised twice from 1mM DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, which was recrystallised 4x from MilliQ water and dried in a vacuum), then twice from water [Bielski & Thomas J Am Chem Soc 109 7761 1987]. [Beilstein 2 IV 3.]
