glucomannan

定義

本品は、グルコースの側鎖を有するマンノース(*)の重合体である。参照表示名称：マンノース

解説

グルコマンナン，D-グルコースとD-マンノースとを主要構成成分とする多糖類の総称．ラン科植物，コンニャク，アヤメ，ユリ，ツリガネズイセン塊茎中にも含まれ，水で加圧，加熱抽出した溶液から不溶性銅錯体として分離される．コンニャクマンナンは，β-D-マンノピラノースとβ-D-グルコピラノースとが7：3の比で(β1→4)結合した主鎖に1,3-結合の側鎖がある．末端1個当たりの平均鎖長は10～11．分子量27×104．[α]_D－43°．細部については明らかでない．裸子植物木質部(3～5％)の多糖は，D-ガラクトース：D-グルコース：D-マンノースの比2：10：30よりなり，D-マンノピラノースとD-グルコピラノースとの(1→4)結合の主鎖に，D-ガラクトースがマンノースと(1→6)結合している．100～400個のヘキソース残基からなる．

化粧品の成分用途

皮膚コンディショニング剤、皮膚保護剤

説明

Glucomannan is a linear polysaccharide comprising 1,4-β-linked D-glucosyl and D-mannosyl residues, where the glucose:mannose (Glc:Man) ratio varies considerably. Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan has a Glc:Man ratio of approx. 2:3, Aloe vera glucomannan a ratio of 1:2, and salep (Orchis mureo) glucomannan has a ratio of approximately 1:4. All of the polysaccharides are acetylated, which imparts water solubility. Glucomannans are major cell-wall reserve carbohydrates in tubers of several plant genera. At certain stages in the development of the plants, the glucomannan is degraded and serves as an energy source. The only industrially exploited glucomannan is konjac. Like carob galactomannan, this polysaccharide interacts with agar, carrageenan and xanthan to form solutions of increased viscosity or gels. This interaction is exploited in the pet-food industry in canned dog food. Recently, glucomannan has also been used in jelly sweets. In this application, the glucomannan has been found to be dangerous, leading to choking deaths of some consumers. This has led to a ban of these types of sweets in Europe and America, and a need for an accurate analytical procedure for glucomannan analysis.

化学的特性

Raw glucomannan is a soluble, fermentable, and highly viscous dietary fiber from the elephant yam or konjac plant, native to Asia. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is water soluble and a viscous dietary fiber due to its high water absorbing capacity. The chemical structure of glucomannan consists in an 8:5 mannose:glucose ratio, linked by b-glycosidic bonds, making raw glucomannan the highest molecular weight and viscosity of any other known dietary fibers.

天然物の起源

Glucomannan is purifi ed from konjac fl our by chemical processing.

使用

Glucomannan is useful as a bulk laxative.

生物学の機能

Weight Management:Glucomannan is a soluble fiber with a high molecular weight and viscosity compared to other fibers, providing enhanced support for weight management. Significant mean weight loss was observed in one 8-week double blind trial, an effect that may be due to the effect of konjac glucomannan on satiety. A later study demonstrated that addition of a resistance and endurance exercise training program to a glucomannan-rich diet provides enhanced support for healthy body composition, lipid metabolism and triglycerides.
Cardiovascular Health: In several controlled trials, konjac glucomannan supported healthy lipid metabolism and triglyceride levels, possibly by promoting healthy bile acid secretion. Additionally, it supports healthy glucose utilization and vascular function to support overall cardiovascular health.
GI Health: As a dietary fiber, konjac glucomannan supports GI regularity. Research indicates that it also promotes healthy microflora balance, enhancing the growth of lactobacillus and bifidobacteria for a healthy gastrointestinal tract.

副作用

Gastric discomfort, loose stools, flatulence, and diarrhea are the most commonly reported side effects.

予防処置

In tablet form, there have been reports of esophageal and gastrointestinal obstruction, as well as choking to the point of causing obstruction. Advise patients to use glucomannan in powdered or capsule form (nonviscous, no health effects).
Glucomannan displays no evidence of psychotropic activity, but now has considerable choking hazard.