フェニルアセトニトリル

外観

無色～黄褐色, 澄明の液体

溶解性

水に不溶 (100mg/l 水).アルコールに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。

用途

合成ペニシリンまたはバルビツール酸塩の製造、繊維の漂白剤の合成及び殺虫剤の製造における中間体、香水及び香料(「蜂蜜-タイプ」エステル化合物であるフェニル酢酸)の原料

化学的特性

colourless liquid

使用

Organic synthesis, especially penicillin precursors.

調製方法

Benzyl cyanide is synthesized by reaction of benzyl chloride with potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide . The nitrile is a natural constituent of plants and is a constituent of foods, particularly citrus fruits, papaya, cabbage, mushrooms, roasted onions, tomatoes, cocoa, tea, roasted peanuts and cauliflower .The benzyl cyanide, at least in part, is formed by breakdown of benzylglucosinolate in the plant material. Benzyl nitrile also is found in tap water, river water, sewage and in cigarette smoke ).

定義

ChEBI: A nitrile that is acetonitrile where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.

一般的な説明

A colorless oily liquid with an aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and slightly denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

空気と水の反応

Benzeneacetonitrile is moisture sensitive. Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

PHENYLACETONITRILE can react with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and strong reducing agents. Benzeneacetonitrile may react vigorously with sodium hypochlorite. .

危険性

Highly toxic, absorbed by skin.

健康ハザード

Poisonous. May be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.

火災危険

When heated to decomposition, Benzeneacetonitrile emits very toxic fumes of cyanide and nitrogen oxides. Container may explode in heat of fire. Runoff from fire control water may give off poisonous gases. Avoid sodium hypochlorite.

工業用途

Benzyl cyanide is employed as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of amphetamine, phenobarbital and methyl phenidylacetate. It is also used for perfumes and flavors and is, therefore, added to soaps, detergents, creams and lotions.

安全性プロファイル

Poison by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. A skin irritant. Explosive reaction with sodium hypochlorite. Used in production of drugs of abuse. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of CNand NOx. See also NITRILES

職業ばく露

(as CN): Benzyl cyanide is used in organic synthesis, especially of penicillin precursors. It is used as a chemical intermediate for amphetamines, phenobarbital; the stimulant, methyl phenidylacetate; esters as perfumes and flavors.

代謝

Giacosa isolated phenylaceturic acid from the urine of a dog dosed with benzyl cyanide, while Adeline et al showed that in the dog, benzyl cyanide formed both benzoic acid and a small amount of ethereal sulfate. In rabbits, a large proportion of the cyano group could be accounted for as thiocyanate ion in the urine. There was a sex difference in the conversion with female rabbits excreting 70% of the dose as thiocyanate and males only 50%. However, cyanide was liberated slowly from i.p. or orally administered benzyl cyanide in rats and excreted in the urine as cyanide and thiocyanate, the proportion of the former increasing with the dose . Benzyl cyanide is oxidized by mouse liver microsomes to benzaldehyde and cyanide ion presumably via the intermediate mandelonitrile. The microsomal metabolism of benzyl cyanide and other nitriles was significantly increased when mice were pre treated with ethanol , suggesting that the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 may play an important role in the metabolism of such compounds.

輸送方法

UN2470 Phenylacetonitrile, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials.

純化方法

Any benzyl isocyanide impurity can be removed by shaking vigorously with an equal volume of 50% H2SO4 at 60o, washing with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, then half-saturated NaCl solution, drying and fractionally distilling under reduced pressure. Distillation from CaH2 causes some decomposition of this compound: it is better to use P2O5. Other purification procedures include passage through a column of highly activated alumina, and distillation from Raney nickel. Precautions should be taken because of possible formation of free TOXIC cyanide, use an efficient fume cupboard.[Beilstein 9 IV 1663.]

不和合性

Violent reaction with strong oxidizers; sodium hypochlorite, lithium aluminum hydride. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids). These reactions generate heat. Peroxides convert nitriles to amides. Nitriles can react vigorously with reducing agents. Acetonitrile and propionitrile are soluble in water, but nitriles higher than propionitrile have low aqueous solubility. They are also insoluble in aqueous acids.