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外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
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溶解性
水4.507, 4.417(pH 4.3)いずれもg/l, 25℃。メタノール4.179,ヘキサン, トルエン＜0.001(全てg/l 25℃)。水に溶けにくい。
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解説
MHともいう。植物生長調整剤として，これのジエタノールアミン塩，もしくはナトリウム塩が用いられ，主としてたばこの腋芽伸長阻止に使用される。無色結晶で，融点 292℃。無水マレイン酸にヒドラジンを作用させてつくる。
ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 ブリタニカ
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用途
マレイン酸ヒドラジド、マレイン酸ヒドラジドグリコシド試験用標準品。
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農薬用途
除草剤
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化学的特性
Maleic hydrazide is a colorless crystalline
solid. Odorless.
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使用
Maleic Hydrazide is used in plant growth regulator formulations.
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調製方法
Maleic hydrazide is slightly acidic. It is made by treating
maleic anhydride with hydrazine hydrate in alcohol.
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一般的な説明
Odorless white solid. Sinks in water.
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空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
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反応プロフィール
3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine can be decomposed by oxidizing agents. 3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine can also be decomposed by strong acids. 3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine forms water-soluble alkali-metal and amine salts. 3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine is slightly acidic and may be titrated as a monobasic acid. Mild oxidation produces a compound which reacts instantly with dienes at -107° F to form crystalline derivatives. 3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine is slightly corrosive to iron and zinc. 3,6-Dihydroxypyridazine is incompatible with pesticides that are highly alkaline in reaction. In the presence of heavy metal and iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium ions, sparingly-soluble salts are formed.
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危険性
Toxic by ingestion. Questionable carcinogen.
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健康ハザード
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. Ingestion has been observed to cause tremors and muscle spasms in test animals.
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火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic nitrogen oxides are produced.
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农业用途
Herbicide, Plant growth regulator, Fungicide: Banned for use in EU countries. Actively registered
for use in the U.S. Maleic hydrazide is a plant growth
regulator (sprout inhibitor) and herbicide that is registered
for use on tobacco, potatoes, onions, non-bearing citrus,
turf, utility and highway rights-of-way, airports, industrial
land, lawns, recreational areas, ornamental/shade trees and
ornamental plants. Most of the use of maleic hydrazide in
the U.S. is on tobacco.
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製品名
BH DOCK KILLER®; BOS MH®;
BURTOLIN®; CHEMFORM®; DE-CUT®; DESPROUT
D REXEL-SUPER P®; EC 300®; FAIR 30®; FAIR
PLUS®; FAIR PS®; MAINTAIN 3®; MALEIN 30®;
MALAZIDE®; MH 30®; MH 40®; MH 36 BAYER®;
PO-SAN® (with 9H-Fluorene-9-carboxylic acid,
2-chloro-9-hydroxy-, methyl ester)®; REGULOX®;
REGULOX W®; REGULOX 50 W®; RETARD®;
ROYAL MH 30®; ROYAL SLO-GRO®; SLO-GRO®;
SPROUT-STOP®; STUNTMAN®; SUCKER-STUFF®;
SUPER DE-SPROUT®; SUPER SPROUT STOP®;
VONDALDHYDE®; VONDRAX®
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安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation
data reported. Can cause chronic liver
damage and acute central nervous system
effects. When heated to decomposition it
emits hghly toxic fumes of NOx See also
HYDRAZINE.
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職業ばく露
Maleic hydrazide is a pyridazine/
pyridazinone herbicide, plant growth regulator, and fungicide that is registered for use on tobacco, potatoes, onions,
nonbearing citrus, turf, utility and highway rights-of-way,
airports, industrial land, lawns, recreational areas, ornamental/
shade trees and ornamental plants. Most of the use
of maleic hydrazide in the United States is on tobacco.
Banned for use in EU countries. Actively registered for use
in the United States
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発がん性
Mice fed up to 3 mg/kg for 320 ‘days showed no carcinogenic effect when sacrificed
at 2 years of age. Mice fed 0, 1000, 3200, and
10,000 ppm in the diet in 23 months showed no oncogenic
effect. Rats were fed diets providing doses of 0, 25,
500, or 1000 mg/kg. Occasional increases in tumor incidences
were seen, but as these were not consistent between
the two sexes and did not achieve statistical significance, they
are considered not attributable to maleic hydrazide.
Application of maleic hydrazide to the skin three times a
week up to a cumulative dose of 300mg was not carcinogenic
. Oral treatment of dogs and rats for 17–28
months resulted in no excess cancer in any tissue or
organs. Subcutaneous injections of maleic
hydrazide in newborn mice produced a very slight increase
in liver tumors, although this finding is generally
considered negative. A study in which maleic hydrazide
was given subcutaneously to mice (55 mg total over
49 weeks) showed no evidence of a carcinogenic response
was seen.
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環境運命予測
Soil. The half-life in soil was reported to be 2–8 weeks (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).
When maleic hydrazide was applied to muck, sand and clay at concentrations of 0.7 and
2.7, 1.0 and 3.75 and 0.85 and 3.4 ppm, 86 and 100, 87 and 100 and 47 and 67% degradation
yields were obtained, respectively (Hoffman et al., 1962).
Plant. Major plant metabolites include fumaric, succinic and maleic acids (Hartley
and Kidd, 1987).
Photolytic. In water, maleic hydrazide showed an absorption maximum at 300 nm
indicating direct photolysis should occur (Gore et al., 1971).
Chemical/Physical. Reacts with alkalies and amines forming water-soluble salts (Hartley
and Kidd, 1987). Decomposed by oxidizing acids releasing nitrogen (Worthing and
Hance, 1991). Decomposes at 260°C (Windholz et al., 1983) releasing toxic fumes of
nitrogen oxides (Sax and Lewis, 1987).
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輸送方法
UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances,
liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required
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純化方法
Crystallise the hydrazide from water. Dry it at ~100o over P2O5. [Beilstein 24 III/IV 1186.]
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不和合性
Dust may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides. Slightly corrosive to iron and zinc.
Maleic hydrazide forms water-soluble alkali-metal and
amine salts. It is slightly acidic and may be titrated as a
monobasic acid. Mild oxidation produces a compound
which reacts instantly with dienes at 277C/ 2 107F to
form crystalline derivatives. It is incompatible with pesticides that are highly alkaline in reaction. This chemical is
slightly corrosive to iron and zinc. In the presence of heavy
metal and iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium ions,
sparingly soluble salts are formed.
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廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations
for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Containers must be disposed of properly by following
package label directions or by contacting your local or
federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your
regional EPA office.
