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外観
白色～うすい黄色, 結晶～結晶性粉末又は塊
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定義
本品は、アルミニウムの塩化物であり、次の化学式で表される。
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溶解性
水に極めて溶けやすく、エタノールに溶けやすい。
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解説
塩化アルミニウム エンカアルミニウム．アルミニウムを塩素または塩化水素中で加熱すると得られる．無色の板状晶(通常は白色の固体)．融点190 ℃(封管中2.5 atm)．177.8 ℃ で昇華する．潮解性，揮発性があり，空気中では加水分解して塩化水素の白煙を生じる．水に易溶．水とはげしく反応して発熱する．水溶液は強酸性を示す．ほとんどすべての有機溶媒に可溶．昇華した気体は400 ℃ 以下では二量体で，800 ℃ 以上では単量体となる．多くの無機化合物や有機化合物とともに付加物を生成する．二量体および付加物をつくるのは，ほかから電子対を受け入れやすいためである．摂取，吸収すると毒性が強い．フリーデル-クラフツ反応や石油クラッキングの酸触媒，重合触媒，異性化触媒に用いられる．
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用途
酸触媒、脱水素
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用途
有機合成原料。
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用途
高純度金属化合物。
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用途
有機合成原料(フリーデルクラフツ反応触媒)。
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化粧品の成分用途
収れん剤、消臭剤、制汗剤
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使用上の注意
水を添加すると爆発的に反応する。吸湿性が極めて強く、空気中で発煙する。
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化学的特性
Aluminum chloride is a noncombustible but highly reactive whitish-gray, yellow, or green powder or liquid. Strong, acidic, irritating odor like hydrochloric acid.The vapor consists of double molecules Al2Cl6 . Soluble in water.
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使用
A yellowish-white crystalline or granular powder made
by passing chlorine gas over alumina in a heated state and
collecting the product by sublimation. Aluminum chloride
was occasionally used in gold and platinum toning baths.
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定義
aluminium chloride: A whitishsolid, AlCl3, which fumes in moist airand reacts violently with water (togive hydrogen chloride). It is knownas the anhydrous salt (hexagonal; r.d.2.44 (fused solid); m.p. 190°C (2.5atm.); sublimes at 178°C) or the hexahydrateAlCl3.6H2O (rhombic; r.d.2.398; loses water at 100°C), both ofwhich are deliquescent. Aluminiumchloride may be prepared by passinghydrogen chloride or chlorine overhot aluminium or (industrially) bypassing chlorine over heated aluminiumoxide and carbon. The chlorideion is polarized by the smallpositive aluminium ion and thebonding in the solid is intermediatebetween covalent and ionic. In theliquid and vapour phases dimer moleculesexist, Al2Cl6, in which thereare chlorine bridges making coordinatebonds to aluminium atoms (seeformula). The AlCl3 molecule can alsoform compounds with other moleculesthat donate pairs of electrons(e.g. amines or hydrogen sulphide);i.e. it acts as a Lewis acid. At hightemperatures the Al2Cl6 molecules inthe vapour dissociate to (planar)AlCl3 molecules. Aluminium chlorideis used commercially as a catalyst inthe cracking of oils. It is also a catalystin certain other organic reactions,especially the Friedel–Craftsreaction.
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一般的な説明
Aluminum chloride may be manufactured by chlorination of liquid aluminum in ceramic lined reaction vessels at 600-700oC.
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反応プロフィール
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE behaves as an acidic salt. Self-reactive. After long storage in closed containers, explosions often occur upon opening [Chem. Abst. 41:6723d 1947]. Can cause ethylene(also other alkenes) to polymerize violently [J. Inst. Pet. 33:254 1947]. Causes ethylene oxide to rearrange and polymerize, liberating heat [J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 68:179 1949]. Can catalyze violent polymerization of allyl chloride [Ventrone 1971]. Addition to nitrobenzene containing about 5% phenol caused a violent explosion [Chem. Eng. News 31:4915 1953]. Mixtures with nitromethane may explode when organic matter is present [Chem. Eng. News 26:2257 1948].
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危険性
Powerful irritant to tissue; moderately toxic by ingestion. Reacts violently with water, evolving hydrogen chloride gas.
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健康ハザード
Contact with the skin or eyes in the presence of moisture causes thermal and acid burns.
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火災危険
Behavior in Fire: Reacts violently with water used in extinguishing adjacent fires
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燃焼性と爆発性
Aluminum chloride is not flammable but reacts violently with water, so fires
involving this substance should be extinguished with carbon dioxide or dry
chemicals. Toxic fumes (HCl and reaction products) can be released during fires.
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工業用途
Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a volatile solid which sublimes at 458 K. The vapour formed on sublimation consists of an equilibrium mixture of monomers (AlCl3) and dimers (Al2Cl6). It is used to prepare the powerful and versatile reducing agent lithium tetrahydridoaluminate (LiAlH4). Aluminium trichloride (AlCl3) act as Lewis acids to a wide range of electron-pair donors, and this has led to their widespread use as catalysts. In the important Friedel-Crafts acylation, AlCl3 is used as a strong Lewis acid catalyst in order to achieve the acylation of an aromatic ring.
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安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The dust is an irritant by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Highly exothermic polymerization reactions with alkenes. Incompatible with nitrobenaenes or nitrobenzene + phenol. Highly exothermic reaction with water or steam produces toxic fumes of HCl. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
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職業ばく露
It is used as ethylbenzene catalyst, dyestuff intermediate, and detergent alkylate; in making other chemicals and dyes, astringents, deodorants, in the petroleum refining, and the rubber industries
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貯蔵
work with this substance should be conducted in a
fume hood, and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times when handling AlCl3.
Aluminum chloride should be stored in sealed containers under an inert atmosphere in a cool,
dry place. Care should be taken in opening containers of this compound because of the
possibility of the buildup of HCl vapor from hydrolysis with traces of moisture.
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輸送方法
UN1726 Aluminum chloride, anhydrous, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2581 Aluminum chloride solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material
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純化方法
Sublime it several times in an all-glass system under nitrogen at 30-50mm pressure. It has also been sublimed in a stream of dry HCl and has been subjected to a preliminary sublimation through a section of granular aluminium metal [for manipulative details see Jensen J Am Chem Soc 79 1226 1957]. It fumes in moist air.
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不和合性
A strong reducing agent. Contact with air or water forms hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride gas. Reaction with water may be violent. Water, alcohol, and alkenes can cause polymerization. Incompatible with nitrobenzene, organic material, and bases. Attacks metal in presence of moisture, forming flammable hydrogen gas.
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廃棄物の処理
May be sprayed with aqueous ammonia in the presence of ice and, when reaction is complete, flushed down drain with running water.
