デイルドリン

種類

ディルドリンは前述の経緯により、現在は産業用用途では使用されなくなっている物質です。製品としては、主に残留農薬分析で用いる農薬の標準品として、試薬メーカーなどより販売されています。

具体的には、ディルドリン標準品の純物質として販売されている他、PL 農薬混合標準溶液などの混合物として販売されている場合もあります。

性質

ディルドリンは、分子量380.91、融点176〜177℃、沸点385℃であり、常温での外観は結晶状固体です。化学的に安定していて難分解性であることから、農作物や土壌への残留性が高いことが分かっています。密度は1.75g/mLです。水にはほとんど溶けません。

用途

農薬(殺虫剤)

作用機序

ディルドリンは、農薬として使用すると害虫のGABA 受容体に作用すると考えられています。この作用によって、神経が過度に興奮して痙攣が生じ殺虫効果につながると考えられています。

化学的特性

Dieldrin is a colorless to light tan solid with a mild chemical odor. The Odor Threshold in water is 0.04 mg/L

物理的性質

White crystals to pale tan flakes with an odorless to mild chemical odor. Odor threshold concentration is 41 μg/L (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).

使用

Dieldrin was first used by cotton growers in the 1950s; it has subsequently been used on other crops for the control of vectorborne diseases and for mothproofing woolen goods. Dieldrin, as well as other cyclodiene insecticides, is uniquely suited for the control of termites. In 1974, the U.S. registration of products containing aldrin and dieldrin was canceled. As a result of worldwide concerns regarding the potential human health and environmental impacts of dieldrin, its manufacture ceased by the early 1990s.
Occupational exposures have occurred among all groups that have been involved in the manufacture or handling of the compound, and in the spraying of dieldrin suspensions and emulsions. Overexposure, resulting in acute intoxication, occurred primarily in the early days of dieldrin, aldrin, and endrin manufacture and in spraying operations with these compounds in Kenya, India, Iran, and other malariainfested countries.

一般的な説明

DIELDRIN is a light-tan flaked solid. DIELDRIN is insoluble in water. DIELDRIN is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. DIELDRIN can penetrate intact skin. DIELDRIN is used as an insecticide.

空気と水の反応

Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

DIELDRIN is sensitive to mineral acids, acid catalysts, acid oxidizing agents and active metals. DIELDRIN reacts with phenols. DIELDRIN is also slightly corrosive to metals. DIELDRIN may react vigorously with strong oxidizers such as chlorine and permanganates and strong acids such as sulfuric or nitric.

健康ハザード

Highly toxic; toxic symptoms similar to theseof aldrin; affects central nervous system,liver, kidneys, and skin; causes headache,dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, ataxia,clonic and tonic convulsions, and respiratoryfailure; oral LD50 value (mice): 38 mg/kg;causes liver cancers in animals; inadequateevidence in humans; RCRA Waste Number P037.
Exposure to many organochlorine pesticides has been linked to an increasedrisk of Parkinson’s disease. In this context,dieldrin has been the most implicated ofall. Dieldrin has been found, during postmortem, in the brain tissues of humanswith Parkinson’s disease, indicating that itpromotes dopaminergic degeneration. Various neurotoxic studies following exposure todieldrin have been conducted in both cellcultures and animal models. Such studiesindicated that dieldrin-induced neurotoxicity via mechanisms associated with dopaminergic degeneration including oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and apoptosis. Such effects cancause neuronal cell death and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease.Kanthasamy et al. (2005) have revieweddieldrin-induced neurotoxicity..

火災危険

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fire.

使用用途

ディルドリンは、かつて農薬として使用されていたものの、現在では安全性の観点で使用が禁止されている化学物質です。主な使用用途は、野菜や果樹の害虫であるナミハダニ等を駆除する粉剤、粒剤、水和剤などの農薬の主成分でした。

その他では、シロアリの防除剤、羊毛製品の防虫剤、木材の防腐剤、塗料の防腐・防虫剤などとしても使用されていましたが、こちらの用途でも現在は使用されていません。

农业用途

Insecticide: Manufacture in the United States prohibited since 1974. In 1987, EPA banned all uses. Banned for use in EU (also for export) All uses of dieldrin (and Aldrin) were canceled in 1974, except for subsurface ground insertion for termite control, dipping of non-food roots and tops, and moth-proofing by manufacturing processes in a closed system (EPA 1974). In 1987, these final three uses were voluntarily canceled by the sole manufacturer. Currently there are more than 25 global suppliers

製品名

ALVIT®; BELCO®[C]; COMPOUND 497®; D-31®; DIELDREX®; DIELDRITE®; ILLOXOL®; KILLGERM DETHLAC INSECTICIDAL LAQUER®; OCTALOX®; OXRALOX®; PANORAM®; PANORAM D-31®; PRENTOX®[C]; QUINTOX®; ROYAL BRAND®[C]; SD 3417®

安全性プロファイル

A human poison by ingestion and possibly other routes. Poison experimentally by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive data. Absorbed readily through the skin and by other routes. It is a central nervous system stimulant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Human mutation data reported. An insecticide. Dieldrin is considerably more toxic than DDT by ingestion and skin contact. Dieldrin or its derivatives may accumulate in the body from chronic low dosages. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also ALDRIN.

職業ばく露

Aldrin belongs to the group of cyclodiene insecticides. They are a subgroup of the chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbon insecticides which include DDT, BHC, etc. They were manufactured in the United States by Shell Chemical Co. until the United States Environmental Protection Agency prohibited their manufacture in 1974 under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. The primary use of the chemicals in the past was for control of corn pests, although they were also used by the citrus industry. Dieldrin’s persistence in the environment is due to its extremely low volatility (i.e., a vapor pressure of 1.78 3 1027 mmHg @ 20°C), and low solubility in water (186 μg/L @ 25°C
29°C). In addition, dieldrin is extremely apolar, resulting in a high affinity for fat which accounts for its retention in animal fats, plant waxes; andother such organic matter in the environment. The fat solubility of dieldrin results in the progressive accumulation in the food chain which may result in a concentration in an organism which would exceed the lethal limit for a consumer.

概要

ディルドリン (英: Dieldrin) とは、かつて農薬の成分として使用されていた、化学式 C₁₂H₈Cl₆Oで表される有機化合物です。

ディルドリンの分子構造は、ノルボルナン骨格を含む環状構造を持ちます。CAS登録番号は、60-57-1です。劇物に指定されている物質でもあります。

残留農薬が問題になったことから、現在では「残留性有機汚染物質に関するストックホルム条約 (POPs条約) 」によって世界中でその使用および製造が原則として禁止されています。

発がん性

Accumulating evidence suggests that dieldrin is “not a likely human carcinogen” and that it acts as a species-specific hepatocarcinogen in mice through nongenotoxic mechanisms.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime- weighted average (TLV-TWA) for dieldrin is 0.25mg/m3 with a notation for skin absorption.

輸送方法

UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

不和合性

Incompatible with strong acids: concentrated mineral acids; acid catalysts; phenols, strong oxidizers, active metals; like sodium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc. Keep away from copper, iron, and their salts.

廃棄物の処理

Incineration (816C, 0.5 second minimum for primary combustion; 1760C, 1.0 second for secondary combustion) with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal