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定義
本品は、鉄の塩化物であり、次の化学式で表される。
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解説
塩化鉄(Ⅲ)：FeCl3(162.20)．三塩化鉄ともいう．暗赤色の結晶塊．潮解性．硫酸鉄(Ⅱ)に塩素を作用させると得られる．密度2.90 g cm－3．融点300 ℃，沸点317 ℃．蒸気密度はFe2Cl6に相当する．空気中で加熱すると酸化鉄(Ⅲ)になる．水に易溶．エタノール，エーテルとは付加物を生成する．六水和物は黄褐色の柱状または板状晶．黄色塩化鉄として市販されている．いちじるしく潮解性．比較的軟らかい．融点36.5 ℃，沸点280 ℃．水溶液は加水分解して強酸性を呈する．湿気，光により分解して塩化水素を放つ．タンパク質を凝固させる．媒染剤，止血剤，酸化剤，塩素化剤，汚水処理剤，プリント基板のエッチング剤などに用いられる．
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用途
半導体、液晶、触媒、凝集剤、医薬原料、電子材料原料、プリント配線?ネームプレート?シャドーマスク?写真製版原料、下水処理剤、食品添加物(鉄強化剤)
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化粧品の成分用途
酸化剤、制汗剤
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説明
Ferric chloride (iron(IH)chloride, FeCl3, CAS No. 7705-08-0) may be prepared from iron and chlorine or from ferric oxide and hydrogen chloride. The pure material occurs as hydroscopic, hexagonal, dark crystals. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (iron(III)chloride hexahydrate, FeCl3*6H2O, CAS No. 10025-77-1) is readily formed when ferric chloride is exposed to moisture.
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化学的特性
Ferric chloride,FeCl3, is a brown crystalline solid and is soluble in water,alcohol,and glycerol. It is also known as anhydrous ferric chloride,ferric trichloride, Flores martis,and iron chloride. Ferric chloride is used as a coagulant for sewage and industrial wastes, as an oxidizing and chlorinating agent,as a disinfectant, in copper etching, and as amordant. In addition, this compound is employed in the ferric chloride test,which is used to assess the relative corrosion resistance of stainless and nickel-base alloys. The ferric chloride test has been shown to be an appropriate measure of the suitability of such alloys for service in paper mill bleach plants and seawater.
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使用
Ferric Chloride is a nutrient and dietary supplement that serves as a
source of iron.
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一般的な説明
Ferric chloride is an orange to brown-black solid. Ferric chloride is slightly soluble in water. Ferric chloride is noncombustible. When wet Ferric chloride is corrosive to aluminum and most metals. Pick up and remove spilled solid before adding water. Ferric chloride is used to treat sewage, industrial waste, to purify water, as an etching agent for engraving circuit boards, and in the manufacture of other chemicals.
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空気と水の反応
Very hygroscopic. Slightly water soluble, where a 0.1M solution has a pH of 2.0.
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反応プロフィール
Alkali metal hydroxides, acids, anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, and aluminum, pure oxides of iron and aluminum, and metallic potassium are some of the catalysts that may cause ethylene oxide to rearrange and polymerize, liberating heat, [J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 68:179(1949)]. Explosions occur , although infrequently, from the combination of ethylene oxide and alcohols or mercaptans, [Chem. Eng. News 20:1318(1942)]. Allyl chloride may polymerize violently under conditions involving an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, Ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, Lewis acids, and Ziegler type catalysts (initiators), [Ventrone (1971)].
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危険性
Toxic by ingestion, strong irritant to skin
and tissue.
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健康ハザード
Inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Dust irritates eyes. Prolonged contact with skin causes irritation and burns.
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火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fire.
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工業用途
Ferric chloride (FeCl3) is obtained by an iron chlorination method at a temperature of
600–700 °C. Very limited data are available on the use of ferric chloride in the mineral
processing industry. Ferric chloride has a depressing effect on barite and can be used
in barite–celestite separation. It was also evaluated as a depressant during niobium–
zirconium separation. In general, ferric and ferrous compounds are not selective
depressants and in many cases are detrimental for flotation of oxidic and industrial
minerals as in the case of anionic flotation, fatty acid, iron complexes or oleate iron
complexes.
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安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and
intravenous routes. Experimental
reproductive effects. Corrosive. Probably an
eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant.
Mutation data reported. Reacts with water
to produce toxic and corrosive fumes.
Catalyzes potentially explosive
polymerization of ethylene oxide, chlorine +
monomers (e.g., styrene). Forms shock sensitive explosive mixtures with some
metals (e.g., potassium, sodium). Violent
reaction with all$ chloride. When heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
HCl.
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職業ばく露
Iron chloride is used to treat sewage
and industrial waste. It is also used as an etchant for photo engraving and rotogravure; in textiles; photography; as a
disinfectant; as a feed additive.
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輸送方法
UN1773 Ferric chloride, anhydrous, Hazard
class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2582 Ferric chlo ride, solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive
material
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純化方法
Sublime it at 200o in an atmosphere of chlorine. It is an “iron-black” coloured powder with green irridescence. Store it in a weighing bottle inside a desiccator as it absorbs moisture from air to form the yellow hexahydrate (see next entry). [Tarr Inorg Synth III 191 1950, Pray Inorg Synth V 153 1957, Epperson Inorg Synth VII 163 1963.]
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不和合性
Aqueous solutions are a strong acid.
Violent reaction with bases, allyl chloride; sulfuric acid;
water. Shock- and friction-sensitive explosive material
forms with potassium, sodium and other active metals.
Attacks metals when wet.
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廃棄物の処理
Neutralize with lime or soda
ash and bury in an approved landfill.
