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外観
白色～うすい褐色, 結晶～粉末
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溶解性
アセトン及びベンゼンに溶ける。
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効能
殺虫薬, 殺シラミ薬
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農薬用途
動物薬、殺虫剤
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説明
Deltamethrin is a kind of synthetic pyrethroids insecticide used worldwide in agriculture for home pest control and protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. Deltamethrin belongs to the type II pyrethroids, which is hydrophobic in nature. It kills the insects through producing severe delay in sodium channel inactivation, leading to a persistent depolarization of the nerve membrane without repetitive discharge. However, this pesticide can be contained in contaminated food and water, and is readily absorbed by the oral route. Recent studies have shown that it can have certain toxicity through inducing oxidative stress. Vitamin can be used to alleviate its toxicity.
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化学的特性
White Powder
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使用
Deltamethrin is effective against a wide range of insects in fruit,
cereals, vegetables, cotton, soyabeans and oilseed rape. It is also used for
the control of crawling and flying insects indoors, in stored grain and
timber and for ectoparasite control on animals.
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定義
ChEBI: A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.
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接触アレルゲン
Pyrethroids, also called pyrethrinoids, are neurotoxic
synthetic compounds used as insecticides, with irritant
properties. Cypermethrin and fenvalerate have been
reported as causing positive allergic patch tests, but
only fenvalerate was relevant in an agricultural worker.
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職業ばく露
Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid
insecticide that kills insects on contact and through diges-
tion. It is used to control a variety of chewing and sucking
insects that infest fruit, vegetables and field crops, includ-
ing apples, pears and plums; peas, glasshouse cucumbers,
tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals; hops,
oats, cotton and other field crops. Deltamethrin is also used
to control residential and commercial insect pests. Some
formulations are RUPs)
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環境運命予測
Deltamethrin is a type II pyrethroid, a functional neurotoxin
slowing the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels
leading to a state of hyperexcitability which in turn causes fine
tremor, salivation, and choreoathetosis. Other proposed
contributory actions include antagonism of gammaaminobutyric
acid A receptor inhibition and voltage-gated
chloride and calcium channels.
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代謝経路
After oral administration of 14C-deltamethrin to
lactating dairy cows, deltamethrin is metabolized and
excreted in the bile and urine with very little
accumulation in major edible tissues. The major
portion (78-82%) of the radioactivity in feces is
deltamethrin. Only 4-6% is eliminated in the urine and
0.42 ? 1.62% is secreted in the milk. The primary
biotransformation is via the hydrolysis of the ester
linkage followed by oxidation of the geminal methyl
groups of cyclopropane carboxylic acids and phenoxy
benzaldehyde, resulting in dicarboxylic acid,
lactonecarboxylic acid, or phenoxybenzoic acid derivatives. Deltamethrin is not metabolized within
algae cells and mouse fibroblasts, but is partially
transformed into less or not active isomers. In algae
and fibroblast culture media, many metabolites of
deltamethrin resulting mostly from hydrolysis of the
molecule are found. This metabolism seems to be
linked with the release of enzymes by cells into the
culture medium.
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輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
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不和合性
May react violently with strong oxidi-
zers, bromine, 90% hydrogen peroxide, phosphorus
trichloride, silver powders or dust. Incompatible with silver
compounds. Mixture with some silver compounds forms
explosive salts of silver oxalate.
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廃棄物の処理
ncineration would be an
effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient
incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed
with large amounts of combustible material and contact
with the smoke should be avoided. In accordance with
40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of
pesticides and pesticide containers.
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参考文献
Adams, A. J. "A review of the efficacy and uses of deltamethrin for wood preservation." Document - the International Research Group on Wood Preservation (Sweden) (1996).
Sayeed, I, et al. "Oxidative stress biomarkers of exposure to deltamethrin in freshwater fish, Channapunctatus Bloch." Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety 56.2(2003):295-301.
Yousef, Mokhtar I., T. I. Awad, and E. H. Mohamed. "Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E." Toxicology 227.3(2006):240-247.
