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外観
白色, 結晶～粉末
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溶解性
水, アセトン, エタノールに易溶。水790, アセトン151, エタノール100以上, 酢酸エチル35, ベンゼン16, ヘキサン0.1(全てg/l 20℃)。水、エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすい。
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用途
低毒性浸透性殺虫剤、コリンエステラーゼ阻害剤
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農薬用途
殺虫剤
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説明
Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide of moderate persistence with residual
systemic activity. It is a contact and systemic insecticide and very effective against a large
number of crop pests such as alfalfa looper, aphids, armyworms, bagworms, bean leaf beetle,
bean leafroller, black grass bugs, bollworm, budworm, and cabbage looper. Acephate is a
colourless to white solid organophosphate insecticide. Exposures to acephate cause poisoning
to animals and humans. Acephate inhibits acetylcholine esterase (AchE), the essential nervous
system enzyme, and causes characteristic organophosphate poisoning. The symptoms
of toxicity include, but are not limited to, headache, nervousness, blurred vision, weakness,
nausea, fatigue, stomach cramps, diarrhoea, difficulty in breathing, chest pain, sweating,
pinpoint pupils, tearing, salivation, clear nasal discharge and sputum, vomiting, muscle
twitching, muscle weakness, and, in severe poisoning, convulsions, respiratory depression,
coma, and death. Acephate causes cholinesterase inhibition leading to overstimulation,
respiratory paralysis, and death. The U.S. EPA classified acephate as Group C, meaning a
possible human carcinogen, and therefore requires judicious handling and management.
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化学的特性
Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide of moderate persistence with
residual systemic activity. It is a contact and systemic insecticide and very effective against
a large number of crop pests, such as alfalfa looper, aphids, armyworms, bagworms, bean
leafbeetle, bean leafroller, blackgrass bugs, bollworm, budworm, and cabbage looper.
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使用
Acephate is an organophosphate foliar spray insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity. It is a contact and systemic insecticide and very effective against a large number of crop pests, such as alfalfa looper, aphids, armyworms, bagworms, bean leafbeetle, bean leafroller, blackgrass bugs, bollworm, budworm, and cabbage looper.
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定義
ChEBI: A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.
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一般的な説明
A white solid. Used as a contact and systemic insecticide.
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空気と水の反応
Soluble in water.
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反応プロフィール
A thiophosphate ester. Organothiophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
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健康ハザード
Acephate is a colorless to white, solid organophosphate insecticide. Exposures to acephate
cause poisoning to animals and humans. Acephate inhibits acetylcholine esterase (AchE),
the essential nervous system enzyme, and causes characteristic organophosphate poi-
soning. The symptoms of toxicity include, but are not limited to, headache, nervousness,
blurred vision, weakness, nausea, fatigue, stomach cramps, diarrhea, diffi
culty breathing,
chest pain, sweating, pin-point pupils, tearing, salivation, clear nasal discharge and spu-
tum, vomiting, muscle twitching, muscle weakness, and in severe poisonings, convulsions, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Acephate causes cholinesterase inhibition lead-
ing to overstimulation, respiratory paralysis, and death.
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农业用途
Insecticide: Acephate is a general use contact and systemic
insecticide. Not approved for use in EU countries.
Actively registered in the U.S., homeowner use for lawns
is discontinued except for treatment of fire ant mounds.
Other indoor treatment has been discontinued. Used on
green and lima beans, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, celery, cotton, cottonseed, cranberries, head lettuce, macadamia nuts, peanuts, bell-and non-bell peppers, peppermint,
spearmint, tobacco, and soybeans (Special Local Need
Registration required in Mississippi and Texas only). Also
used to control cockroach (spot treatment only) in residential and industrial buildings and insect control in forests, and on ornamental plants and to target armyworms,
aphids, beetles, bollworms, borers, budworms, cankerworms, crickets, cutworms, fire ants, fleas, grasshoppers,
leafhoppers, loopers, mealybugs, mites, moths, roaches,
spiders, thirps, wasps, weevils, whiteflies, etc.
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製品名
ACECAP SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE
IMPLANTS®; ACEFAL 75 PS®; ACEHERO®;
ACEPHATE 97 EG®; ACEPHATE 75SP®; ACEPHATE
PCO SP INSECTICIDE®; ACESUL®; ACE-TOX®;
ACHERO®; ACIFAT®; ADDRESS®; AIMTHENE®;
AMCOTHENE®; ASATAF®; ASIFY®; ATTACK®;
CHEVRON RE 12420®; CLEAN CROP ACEPHATE 80
DF SEED PROTECTORANT®; DREXEL ACEPHATE 75
WSP®; DREXEL ACEPHATE PCO SP INSECTICIDE®;
FATEL®; FORPHATE®, FORWARD®; KITRON®;
KORANDA® (acephate + fenvelerate); LANCER®;
ORCEPHATE®; ORTHENE®; ORTHENE 755®;
Acephate 3
ORTHO 12420®; ORTRAN®; ORTRIL®; PACE®;
PAYLOAD®; PILARTHENE®; PINPOINT®; PRECISE
ACEPHATE®; RACET®; RE 12420®; SAPHATE®; 75
SP®; VALENT ORTHENE TECHNICAL®; VEGFRU
TARGET®
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生物活性
Anticholinesterase insecticide that produces cholinotoxicity. Displays weak inhibition of rat acetylcholinesterase (AChE) but potently inhibits cockroach AChE.
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安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion.
Moderately toxic by skin contact and
inhalation. Human mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of NOx, POx, and SOx. See also
ESTERS.
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職業ばく露
Acephate is a general use contact and systemic insecticide. Banned in the EU for use as a biocide and agricultural insecticide. Used on green- and limabeans, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, celery, cotton, cottonseed, cranberries, head lettuce, macadamia nuts, peanuts, bell-and nonbell peppers, peppermint, spearmint, tobacco, and soybeans (Special Local Need Registration required in Mississippi and Texas only). Also used to control cockroach (spot treatment only) in residential and industrial buildings and insect control in forests, and on ornamental plants and to target armyworms, aphids, beetles, bollworms, borers, budworms, cankerworms, crickets, cutworms, fire ants, fleas, grasshoppers, leafhoppers, loopers, mealybugs, mites, moths, roaches, spiders, thirps, wasps, weevils, whiteflies, etc. banned for use in the EU.
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発がん性
Acephate showed no evidence of
carcinogenicity among rats given diets with 0, 5, 50, or
700 ppm (equivalent to about 0, 0.25, 2.5, and 35.0 mg/kg/
day, respectively) for 28 months .
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環境運命予測
Soil. In aerobic and anaerobic soils, methamidophos and carbon dioxide were identified
as the major soil metabolites (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). The estimated half-life in soil is
3 days (Wauchope, 1988)
Plant. Acephate is quickly absorbed, translocated and transformed in pine seedlings
(Werner, 1974) and cotton plants (Bull, 1979). The chemical was metabolized via cleavage
of the amide bond to form methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioat
Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic fumes of phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur oxides when
heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987)
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代謝経路
Acephate is a systemic insecticide with a very favourable mammalian
toxicity. The initial reaction of the biotransformation of acephate is by
hydrolysis to the active acetylcholinesterase inlubitor methamidophos. In
every case where the metabolism of acephate has been studied in biological
systems, the production of methamidophos has been demonstrated;
however, the amount of this presumed active metabolite varies
greatly from organism to organism. In mammals, which are relatively
insensitive to the insecticide, the primary route of stage I metabolism is
mainly degradative via O-demethylation to give des-O-methylacephate.
Further metabolism in mammals and birds leads to incorporation of the
molecule into proteins, carbohydrates and lipids as well as to excretion.
Conjugates have not been identified.
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輸送方法
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material
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不和合性
May react with strong oxidizers such as chlorates, peroxides, nitrates, etc. In the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, organophosphates form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Contact with oxidizers can cause the release of toxic oxides of phosphorus. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water, and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds(releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur).
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廃棄物の処理
Alkaline hydrolysis or incineration. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
