塩化すず(IV)

外観

無色～ほとんど無色透明液体

性質

1. 二塩化スズ

二塩化スズは、化学式SnCl₂で示され、分子量は189.62です。CAS番号は7772-99-8で登録されています。

二塩化スズの融点は246℃、沸点、初留点及び沸騰範囲は623℃、引火点および爆発範囲に関する情報はありません。水への溶解度は900g/kg (20℃) であることから、水に非常によく溶けます。

加熱すると分解し、有害で腐食性のある気体を生じる他、強力な還元剤であり、酸化剤 (硝酸塩、過酸化物、塩基など) と反応するため、取扱時は注意が必要です。

2. 四塩化スズ

四塩化スズは、化学式SnCl₄で示され、分子量は260.52です。CAS番号は、7646-78-8で登録されています。

四塩化スズの融点は-33 ℃、沸点は114.1 ℃、自然発火温度は654℃以上で、引火点および爆発範囲に関する情報はありません。

標準的な大気条件においては化学的に安定ですが、アルミニウム、金属、酸化物、空気、湿気と反応します。また、火災時は塩化水素ガス、スズ酸化物などの有毒ガスが発生する場合があるため注意が必要です。

説明

Tin (IV) chloride appears as white crystals with a strong pungent chlorine odour. On heating, tin (IV) chloride decomposition emits acrid fumes. At room temperature, it is colourless and releases fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odour. Stannic chloride was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. It is also used in the glass container industry for making an external coating that toughens the glass. Stannic chloride is used in chemical reactions with fuming (90%) nitric acid for the selective nitration of activated aromatic rings in the presence of unactivated ones. Tin (IV) chloride reacts violently with water or moist air to produce corrosive hydrogen chloride. Tin (IV) chloride reacts with turpentine, alcohols, and amines, causing fire and explosion hazard. It attacks many metals, some forms of plastic, rubber, and coatings.

化学的特性

Tin tetrachloride is a colorless fuming liquid.

物理的性質

Colorless fuming liquid; corrosive; density 2.234 g/mL; freezes at -33°C; boils at 114.15°C; critical temperature 318.75°C; critical pressure 37.98 atm; critical volume 351 cm³/mol; soluble in cold water, evolving heat; decomposed by hot water; soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, acetone and kerosene
The pentahydrate is a yellowish-white crystalline solid or small, fused lumps; faint odor of HCl; density 2.04 g/cm³; decmposes at 56°C; very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol.

使用

Electroconductive and electroluminescent coatings, mordant in dyeing textiles, perfume stabilization, manufacture of fuchsin, color lakes, ceramic coatings, bleaching agent for sugar, stabilizer for certain resins, manufacture of blueprint and other sensitized papers, other tin salts, bacteria and fungi control in soaps

製造方法

Tin(II) chloride is prepared by dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of the solution and crystallization.

定義

Often sold in the form of the double salt with sodium chloride: Na2SnCl6?H2O.

安全性

二塩化スズは、呼吸器への刺激の恐れがある他、長期または反復ばく露による肝臓、腎臓、血液系への障害の危険性があります。また、水生生物に対し、非常に強い毒性を持つころから、取扱い時および廃棄時は注意が必要です。

四塩化スズは、重篤な皮膚の薬傷、および眼の損傷の危険性の他、呼吸器系への刺激、吸引すると生命の危険のおそれがあります。また、長期継続的な影響によって水生生物に有害です。

火災時は、棒状放水を避け、水噴霧、泡消火剤、粉末消火剤、炭酸ガス、乾燥砂類での消火を行います。火災により刺激性、腐食性、毒性ガスを発生する危険性があるため、消火時は適切な空気呼吸器、化学用保護衣の着用が必要です。

一般的な説明

Stannic chloride (SnCl₄) is a strong Lewis acid widely used as a promoter or catalyst in organic synthesis. It is soluble in most organic solvents.

空気と水の反応

Fumes in moist air. Reacts with water to form Hydrochloric Acid in dense white fumes [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

反応プロフィール

Acidic salts, such as STANNIC CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions (ethylene oxide polymerization). Combination of the chloride with turpentine is strongly exothermic, and may lead to ignition, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 446].

危険性

Evolves heat on contact with moisture. Corrosive liquid

健康ハザード

CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

火災危険

EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

使用用途

1. 二塩化スズ

二塩化スズの酸性水溶液は、強力な還元性を有します。この性質を利用して、二塩化スズは、水溶有機化合物の還元剤や反応触媒、分析化学の分野で分析試薬として使用されています。

その他、インク消しや鏡の銀めっき、革なめし剤、染色時の色止めに利用される媒染液の原料など、強い還元性を生かした用途が特徴です。

2. 四塩化スズ

四塩化スズは、工業用用途として、有機スズ化合物の合成原料、媒染剤、縮合剤、反応触媒、伝導性塗料などで用いられています。

安全性プロファイル

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Combustible by chemical reaction. Upon contact with moisture, considerable heat is generated. Violent reaction with K, Na, turpentine, ethylene oxide, alkyl nitrates. Dangerous; hydrochloric acid is liberated on contact with moisture or heat. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

職業ばく露

Tin tetrachloride is used in the production of blueprints and electroconductive readings, as a bleaching agent for sugar and resin stabilizer.

概要

塩化スズとは、酸化数2の二塩化スズと酸化数4の四塩化スズの2種類が存在するスズの塩化物です。

非常に強い還元剤であり、空気中で酸化されると、酸化スズに変化します。二塩化スズは、無色の結晶で、四塩化スズは、無色の液体です。工業用用途に広く利用される他、スズの製造においても重要な原材料の1つです。

製造方法

二塩化スズは、金属スズをに溶かし、二水和物を形成する方法が用いられます。また、その二水和物をと反応させることにより、無水物の二塩化スズが生成されます。

四塩化スズは、金属スズに直接的に塩素ガスを反応させ、その後、蒸留することで、四塩化スズを生成する手法が、一般的な製造方法です。

輸送方法

UN2440 Stannic chloride, pentahydrate, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

純化方法

SnCl4 fumes in moist air due to formation of a hydrate. Fractionate it in a ground glass still and store it in the absence of air. Possible impurities are SO2 and HCl [Baudler in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 729 1963]. It forms a solid pentahydrate [10026-06-9] which smells of HCl and is obtained when the anhydrous salt is dissolved in a small volume of H2O. Also reflux it with clean mercury or P2O5 for several hours, then distil it under (reduced) N2 pressure into a receiver containing P2O5. Finally redistil it. Alternatively, distil it from Sn metal under vacuum in an all-glass system and seal off in large ampoules. SnCl4 is available commercially as 1M solutions in CH2Cl2 or hexane. HARMFUL VAPOURS.

不和合性

Slowly forms hydrochloric acid in cold water; fast reaction in hot water and steam. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, water, turpentine, potassium, sodium, ethylene oxide; nitrates, alcohols, amines, chlorine, strong acids; strong bases. Attacks metals, rubbers and some plastics in the resence of moisture.

廃棄物の処理

SnCl4: Pour onto sodium bicarbonate; spray with ammonium hydroxide while adding crushed ice; when reaction subsides, flush down drain.