はっか油

定義

本品は、セイヨウハッカ Mentha piperita から得られる精油である。

解説

精油の一つ。ペパーミント油ともいう。北海道産ハッカ、ブラジル産ハッカの全草の水蒸気蒸留で1.3～1.6％の収油率で取卸油(とりおろしゆ)（はっか脳）が得られる。これを冷却するとl‐メントールが採脳率40～50％で結晶として得られる。採脳後の油をはっか脱脳油（はっか油）といい、これを精製したものを、はっか白油(はくゆ)という。はっか油はl‐メントールの供給源として重要であり、歯みがき、ガム、菓子などに使用される。精製して香料などに用いる．用途は広い．和種ハッカはl‐メントールの含有率がとくに高いが、洋種ハッカに比べて香味の点では劣っている。［佐藤菊正］[参照項目] | メントール
小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）

化粧品の成分用途

皮膚コンディショニング剤、香料

化学的特性

Peppermint oil is produced by steam distillation of the flowering herb Mentha x piperita L. It is an almost colorless to pale greenish-yellow liquid with a characteristic peppermint odor.
US oils: d²⁰₂₀ 0.899–0.911; n²⁰_D 1.4590–1.4650; α²⁰_D ?32 ° to ?18 °; solubility: 1 vol in max. 3 vol of 70% ethanol at 20℃.
Oils of other origin, for example, from China and India: d²⁰₂₀ 0.898–0.918; n²⁰_D 1.4590–1.4650; α²⁰_D ?30 ° to ?14 °; solubility: 1 vol in max. 5 vol of 70% ethanol at 20℃.
As in cornmint oil, the main component of peppermint oil is (?)-menthol (36–46%)/(32–49%); it also contains (?)-menthone (15–25%)/(13–28%) and (?)-menthyl acetate (3–6.5%)/(2–8%). However, peppermint oil, unlike cornmint oil, has a higher content of (+)-menthofuran (1.5–6%)/(1–8%); data for the US oils and oils of other origin, for example, China, India.

物理的性質

Peppermint oil is a pale-yellow liquid. The physical–chemical characteristics of the oil vary depending on the source. For details on Italian, French and American peppermint oil, refer to Burdock (1997).

使用

peppermint oil is credited with refreshing, cooling, bactericidal, and anti-irritant properties. It is also used as a fragrance. Peppermint oil can produce allergic reactions such as hay fever, skin rashes, and irritation, especially if a dressing is applied over the oil. extracted from the leaves of the peppermint plant, menthol accounts for more than 50 percent of its content.

精油の成分

The main constituents are identical in all oil varieties, but the relative ratios vary widely. Constituents include alpha- and beta-pinene, limonene, cineol, ethyl amylcarbinol, menthone, isomenthone menthofuran, menthol, neomenthol, isomenthol menthyl acetate and piperitone. The oil contains: menthone: 15 to 32%; esters (menthyl acetate) 3 to 10%; and menthol: 30.0 to 55.0%. More than 100 chemicals have been detected in the peppermint oil and their relative concentration varies between cultivars and geographic location.

安全性プロファイル

Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An allergen. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes