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外観
黄緑色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
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定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される4級アンモニウム塩である。
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溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに溶ける。
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解説
tris[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylium chloride．C25H30ClN3(407.99)．C.I.42555，C.I.Basic Violet 3ともいう．クリスタルバイオレットは，塩化亜鉛の存在下，N,N-ジメチルアニリンをホスゲンと反応させると得られる．暗緑色の粉末．分解点215 ℃．水および極性有機溶媒に溶けて紫色を呈する．中和指示薬(pH 1.5付近で酸性側の緑色から塩基性側の青色にかわる)として，とくに酢酸中での非水滴定に常用される．また，各種金属や過酸化水素の比色定量，生体染色，木綿のタンニン媒染，羊毛，絹用塩基性染料に用いる．LD50 96 mg/kg(マウス，経口)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
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用途
プリンターカートリッジ、医療研究用マーカー
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用途
トリフェニルメタン染料、塩基性染料、外皮作用薬、殺菌薬、農業殺菌剤、薬用石鹸
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用途
トリフェニルメタン系塩基性染料の一つで、美しい紫色をもつ。ジメチルアニリンとホスゲンを塩化亜鉛触媒により縮合させて合成される。堅牢(けんろう)度は高くないが、安価で着色力が強いので、絹、羊毛の染色のほか、インキなどにも使われている。酸により紫→青→緑→黄と変色するので、非水系におけるpH指示薬（酸塩基指示薬）としても利用される。
メチルバイオレットは、クリスタルバイオレットよりもメチル基の数が少ないものの混合物で、これはジメチルアニリンの銅触媒による酸化で合成される。製造の条件により組成が多少異なり、色調も赤みの強いもの、青みの強いものなどさまざまである。木綿、レーヨン、紙などの染色、インキ、顔料などの製造に用いられる。［飛田満彦］
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化粧品の成分用途
毛髪着色剤
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効能
殺菌消毒薬
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説明
Crystal Violet is light sensitive. May react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release gaseous hydrogen.
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化学的特性
dark green powder or crystals
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天然物の起源
Gentian is a fl owering perennial found in Europe and Asia.
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使用
Crystal Violet is used as an acid-base indicator, an alcohol denaturant, a biological stain, a textile dye and an indicator for copper salts. It is a component of gram staining in microorganisms and cell lines.
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製造方法
It is manufactured through using N, N-dimethylaniline as raw materials, followed by condensation, addition, chlorination and other reactions. Alternatively, it can be synthesized through the reaction between Michler ketone and N, N-dimethylaniline reaction in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, followed by azeotropic reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Recrystallization in hot water will generate compound containing nine crystal water molecules.
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精油の成分
A number of bitter compounds present in gentian are primarily amarogentin (strongly bitter), gentiopricin
(approximately 1.5% in fresh root), swertiamarin and gentiopricroside. The leaves and flowers contain mainly xanthones.
Secoiridoids and flavonoids were also detected. In the phase of flowering, leaves are rich with compounds possessing C-glycoside
structures while O-glycoside structures accumulate mainly before flowering.
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一般的な説明
It belongs to triamino-triphenylmethane synthetic dyes; alkaline. It is an important dye used in bacterial Gram stain. The mixed reagent of crystal violet chloride and iodine is known as gentian violet.
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空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
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火災危険
Flash point data for Crystal Violet are not available, however, Crystal Violet is probably combustible.
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臨床応用
Gentian violet is variously known as hexamethyl-p-rosanilinechloride, crystal violet, methyl violet, and methylrosanilinechloride. It occurs as a green powder or greenflakes with a metallic sheen. The compound is soluble inwater (1:35) and alcohol (1:10) but insoluble in nonpolar organicsolvents. Gentian violet is available in vaginal suppositoriesfor the treatment of yeast infections. It is also used asa 1% to 3% solution for the treatment of ringworm and yeastinfections. Gentian violet has also been used orally as an anthelminticfor strongyloidiasis (threadworm) and oxyuriasis.
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安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes, An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. A human sktn irritant.
Human mutation data reported.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
carcinogenic data. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NO, and Cl-.
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純化方法
Crystallise the dye from water (20mL/g), the crystals being separated from the chilled solution by centrifugation, then wash them with chilled EtOH (solubility is 1g in 10 mL of hot EtOH) and diethyl ether and dry under vacuum. It is soluble in CHCl3 but insoluble in Et2O. The carbinol is precipitated from an aqueous solution of the dye-hydrochloride, using excess NaOH, then dissolve in HCl and recrystallise it from water as the chloride [UV and kinetics: Turgeon & La Mer J Am Chem Soc 74 5988 1952]. The carbinol base has m 195o (needles from EtOH). The diphthalate (blue and turns red in H2O) crystallises from H2O, m 153-154o(dec at 185-187o)[Chamberlain & Dull J Am Chem Soc 50 3089 1928]. [Beilstein 13 H 233, 13 IV 2284.]
