シアン化銅(I)

外観

白色〜うすい青緑色, 粉末

溶解性

水に難溶 (2.6×10^(-4)g/100ml, 18℃)。アンモニア水及び硝酸に溶け、水及びアルコールにほとんど溶けない。

用途

電気銅メッキ材料。

用途

殺虫剤、防虫剤、殺菌剤、防かび剤、防汚剤、触媒、顔料、塗料の添加剤、電気めっき。

説明

off-white to green powder. Insoluble in water,soluble in HCI, Nl40H, and potassium cyanide. Used in Sandmeyer's reaction to synthesize aryl cyanides. Toxic by skin absorption, through open wounds, by ingestion, and by inhalation of hydrogen cyanide that arises from slight decomposition. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen in fires.

化学的特性

Cuprous cyanide is a white crystalline substance.

物理的性質

Cream-colored powder or green orthorhombic or red monoclinic crystals; density 2.90 g/cm³; melts at 474°C; decomposes at higher temperatures; practically insoluble in water, ethanol, and cold dilute acids; dissolves in ammonium hydroxide and potassium cyanide solutions.

使用

Copper(I) cyanide is commonly used as a polymerization catalyst. The compound is useful in organic synthesis, as a catalyst, reagent in the preparation of nitriles(sandmeyer reaction). It is also used in electroplating copper and iron, silver plating, brass plating, and copper-tin alloy plating. It is used to make phthalocyanine dyes and pigments.

反応プロフィール

Copper(I) Cyanide is decomposed by acids to give off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poisonous gas. Tends to explosive instability. Capable of violent oxidation under certain condition: fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates or nitrites can cause explosions [Bretherick, 1979 p. 101]. Reacts with incandescence with magnesium [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 271].

危険性

Poison.

健康ハザード

Cuprous cyanide is a highly toxic substance. The toxic routes are inhalation of dust, ingestion, and skin contact. Toxicology and LD50 values for this compound are not reported. Because it is slightly soluble in water, its dissociation to cuprous and cyanide ions in the body may not be significant. The role of cyanide ion in the toxicity of cuprous cyanide is not established. The inhalation hazard, however, is attributable to copper. It is a skin irritant.

火災危険

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen cyanide gas may form in fires.

安全性プロファイル

A poison. Reacts violently with magnesium. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic CNand NOx. See also CYANIDE and COPPER COMPOUNDS.

職業ばく露

Copper cyanide is used in electroplating copper on iron; and as an insecticide and a catalyst.

輸送方法

UN1587 Copper cyanide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials

純化方法

Wash the cyanide thoroughly with boiling H2O, then with EtOH. Dry it at 100o to a fine soft powder. It dissolves in excess alkali cyanide solutions to form the very soluble complex ion Cu(CN)43-. [Bassett & Corbett J Chem Soc 125 1660 1924, Barber J Chem Soc 79 1943.]

不和合性

Contact with heat, strong acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) forms deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. May release hydrogen cyanide on contact with moisture. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, acetylene gas, and chemically active metals, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc.

廃棄物の処理

Copper-containing soluble wastes can be concentrated through the use of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or evaporators to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and sent to a reclaiming firm. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated through the use of caustics and the sludge deposited in a chemical waste landfill. Copper-containing wastes can be concentrated to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and reclaimed. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated by alkali; the cyanide destroyed by alkaline oxidation yielding a sludge which can be sent to a chemical waste landfill. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.