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外観
赤黄色〜黄赤色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末
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溶解性
水にやや可溶、メタノールに難溶、エタノールに極めて難溶、エーテルにほとんど不溶。水にやや溶けにくく、メタノールに溶けにくい。
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用途
ドキソルビシン（doxorubicin）は、抗悪性腫瘍剤（抗がん剤）の一種。
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用途
薬理研究用。
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用途
アントラサイクリン系抗生物
質です。トポイソメラーゼⅡを阻害すること
により DNA 障害作用を示します。
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効能
抗悪性腫瘍薬, トポイソメラーゼII阻害薬
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商品名
アドリアシン (アスペンジャパン); ドキシル (ヤンセンファーマ)
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化学的特性
Doxorubicin is an orange to red cake-like or needle-like crystalline solid. It is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an orange-red, crystalline, hygroscopic powder that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol.
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使用
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (adriamycin hydrochloride) is an antitumour agent that has been formulated as a salt to achieve higher water solubility. While the salt shares the same pharmacological properties as doxorubicin free base, its greater water solubility may offer advantages in some in vitro applications. Physicochemical properties and chromatographic behaviour will depend on whether the pH is buffered. In non-pH controlled systems the free base and salt may behave differently.
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生物学の機能
The C13 substituent of doxorubicin is hydroxymethyl, which retards the action of cytosolic aldoketoreductase and slows the conversion to the equally active, but chronically cardiotoxic, doxorubicinol.
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一般的な説明
Adriamycin hydrochloride appears as orange-red thin needles. Aqueous solutions yellow-orange at acid pHs, orange-red at neutral pHs, and violet blue over pH 9. Doxorubicin is available as both the conventional dosageform and a liposomal preparation, both of which are administeredby infusion. Doxorubicin HCl powder is available in10-, 20-, 50-, and 150-mg vials and is widely used in treatingvarious cancers, including leukemias, soft and bone tissuesarcomas, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, small cell lungcancer, and ovarian and testicular cancer.
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空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
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反応プロフィール
Amines, like Doxorubicin hydrochloride, are weak chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
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火災危険
Doxorubicin hydrochloride is probably combustible.
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生物活性
Antitumor antibiotic agent that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. DNA intercalator that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis and induces apoptosis.
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作用機序
Liposomes are taken up selectively into tumor cells, presumably because of their persistence in the bloodstream and enhanced permeability of tumor vascular membranes. In liposomal form, the drug is protected against enzymes that generate cardiotoxic free radicals, although this form of the drug can still induce potentially fatal congestive heart failure. Clinical experience with the liposomal formulation is limited, and few studies comparing the long-term toxicity with that of conventional doxorubicin therapy have been conducted. Therefore, all precautions outlined for the use of doxorubin also are employed when the liposomal formulation is used.
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臨床応用
Doxorubicin is utilized either alone or in combination therapy to treat a wide range of neoplastic disorders, including hematologic cancers and solid tumors in breast, ovary, stomach, bladder, and thyroid gland. A liposomal formulation of doxorubicin is used in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and organoplatinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
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職業ばく露
An antibiotic product from streptomyces, used as anticancer drug
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代謝
This contributes to the longer duration of action compared to analogues that have CH3 at this position (e.g., daunorubicin). Doxorubicin is highly lipophilic and concentrates in the liver, lymph nodes, muscle, bone marrow, fat, and skin. Elimination is triphasic, and the drug has a terminal half-life of 30 to 40 hours. The majority of an administered dose is excreted in the feces.
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輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
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不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides
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廃棄物の処理
It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
