2-этоксиэтанол

Описание

2-Ethoxyethanol is a stable, colorless, flammable liquid, synthetically produced throughout the world. It belongs to a larger group of glycol ether solvents. 2-Ethoxyethanol is commercially referred to as Ethyl Cellosolve or Cellosolve, a trademark registered by Union Carbide in 1924. It was first synthesized to have the same chemical properties of both alcohols and ethers (hydrophilic and lipophilic) but less volatile, which improves production characteristics. The glycol ethers are made by reacting anhydrous alcohols with ethylene oxide.

Химические свойства

2-Ethoxyethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid with a sweetish odor

Физические свойства

Clear, colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.1 mg/m³ (300 ppb_v) and 2.0 mg/m³ (540 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

Использование

2-Ethoxyethanol is widely used as an industrial solvent and production intermediate. It is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ethanol. The glycol ethers are miscible in polar and nonpolar solutions, which make them useful solvents in paints and surface coatings, stains, lacquers, inks, and dyes. Additional uses include industrial deicing, hydraulic fluids, and cleaning agents. 2-Ethoxyethanol was once used in cosmetic products but is no longer used due to toxicity associated with dermal absorption. Global production has been on the decline in recent years based on demonstrated toxicity through oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. The use of ethylene glycol ethers has largely been replaced by relatively safer substitutes, primarily propylene glycol ethers; however, their use as a solvent and chemical process intermediate poses potential for release into the environment.

Определение

ChEBI: A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.

Общее описание

A clear colorless liquid. Flash point of 120°F. Less dense than water. Its vapors are heavier than air.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Flammable. Water soluble.

Профиль реактивности

ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER may react with oxidizing materials, i.e. hydrogen peroxide, to form peroxides. 2-Ethoxyethanol dissolves many oils, resins and waxes.

Опасность

Toxic by skin absorption. Moderate fire risk.

Угроза здоровью

Some eye irritation. Inhalation of vapors causes irritation of nose.

Пожароопасность

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, may be produced in fire.

Химическая реактивность

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Профиль безопасности

Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A mild eye and skin irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials. Moderate explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Mxture with hydrogen peroxide + polyacrylamide gel + toluene is explosive when dry. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical. See also GLYCOL ETHERS.

Возможный контакт

This material is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose and alkyd resins in lacquers; as a solvent for printing inks; in dyeing leathers and textiles; in the formulation of cleaners and varnish removers; as an anti-icing additive in brake fluids and auto and aviation fuels.

Экологическая судьба

Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 1.03 and 1.92 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. When a sewage seed was used in a separate screening test, a BOD value of 1.27 g/g was obtained. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.42 g/g which is 72.4% of the ThOD value of 1.96 g/g.
Photolytic. Grosjean (1997) reported a rate constant of 1.87 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec at 298 K for the reaction of 2-ethoxyethanol and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Based on an atmospheric OH radical concentration of 1.0 x 106 molecule/cm³, the reported half-life of methanol is 0.35 d (Grosjean, 1997). Stemmler et al. (1996) reported a rate constant of 1.66 x 10^-11 cm³/molecule?sec for the OH radical-initiated oxidation of 2-ethoxyethanol in synthetic air at 297 K and 750 mmHg. Major reaction products identified by GC/MS (with their yields) were ethyl formate, 34%; ethylene glycol monoformate, 36%; ethylene glycol monoacetate, 7.8%; and ethoxyacetaldehyde, 24%.
Chemical/Physical. 2-Ethoxyethanol will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993).
At an influent concentration of 1,024 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 886 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 28 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

Перевозки

UN1171 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.

Методы очистки

Dry it with CaSO4 or K2CO3, filter and fractionally distil it. Peroxides can be removed by refluxing with anhydrous SnCl2 or by filtration under slight pressure through a column of activated alumina. [Beilstein 1 IV 2377.]

Несовместимости

May form explosive mixture with air. Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Able to form peroxides. Incompatible with strong acids; aluminum and its alloys

Утилизация отходов

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal