1,7-Dimethylxanthine

Описание

Paraxanthine is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) and an antagonist of adenosine receptors A₁ and A₂ (K_is = 35 and 22 μM, respectively in equine forebrain tissues). It is the main metabolite of caffeine in humans, making up 80% of the three dimethylxanthine metabolites produced by caffeine demethylation. Paraxanthine increases locomotor activity and counteracts adenosine receptor agonist-induced motor depression in rats not habituated to caffeine. At a dose of 30 mg/kg, paraxanthine induces a significant increase in striatal cGMP and extracellular striatal dopamine concentrations in vivo. It also promotes wakefulness and increases locomotor activity and core temperature in narcoleptic transgenic mice without increasing behavioral anxiety.

Химические свойства

Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid

Использование

1,7-Dimethylxanthine has been used for the quantification of caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Общее описание

Paraxanthine is a major plasma and urinary metabolite of caffeine. This xanthine derivative is, along with caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant. This Snap-N-Spike^? reference solution is applicable for caffeine quantitation in clinical toxicology or urine drug testing by LC-MS/MS or GC/MS.

Профиль безопасности

An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Источник

Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) is a metabolite of caffeine that can be found naturally in small amounts in some foods, including green coffee beans, cotyledonary leaves of Coffea arabica, Theobroma cacao fruits, roasted coffee beans, citrus flowers and Sicilian orange flower honey. However, it is predominantly found as the major metabolite of caffeine, accounting for approximately 70%–72% of ingested caffeine[1].