HUMAN IL-2

Использование

Antineoplastic; biological response modifier; immunostimulant.

Показания

Aldesleukin (IL-2, Proleukin) is a human recombinant interleukin-2 protein. Its antitumor action is thought to include multiple effects on the immune system, such as enhancement of T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, induction of natural killer cell activity, and induction of interferon-γ production. Aldesleukin has been used alone and in combination with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
The drug produces remissions in 15% of patients with renal cell carcinoma, with median durations of remission of 18 to 24 months.

Общее описание

Aldesleukin, T-cell growth factor, thymocyte-stimulatingfactor, Proleukin, is recombinant IL-2 expressed in an engineeredstrain of E. coli containing an analog of the humanIL-2 gene.Aldesleukin enhances lymphocyte mitogenesis and stimulateslong-term growth of human IL-2-dependent cell lines.
IL-2 also enhances the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. Inductionof NK cell and lymphocyte-activated killer (LAK) cell activityoccurs, as does induction of production. In mouse andhuman tumor cell lines, aldesleukin activates cellular immunityin patients with profound lymphocytosis, eosinophilia,and thrombocytopenia. Aldesleukin also activates the productionof cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF),IL-1, and IFN-γ. In vivo experiments in mouse tumor modelshave shown inhibition of tumor growth. The mechanism ofthe antitumor effect of aldesleukin is unknown.
Aldesleukin is indicated for the treatment of metastaticrenal cell carcinoma in adults. It is also indicated for thetreatment of metastatic melanoma in adults. Research isunder way on the use of aldesleukin for the treatment of variouscancers (including head and neck cancers), treatment ofacute myelogenous leukemia, and adjunct therapy in thetreatment of Kaposi sarcoma. Renal and hepatic function istypically impaired during therapy with aldesleukin, so interactionwith other drugs that undergo elimination by these organsis possible.

Побочные эффекты

Several serious toxicities have been observed, with a fatality rate of 5% in the initial studies. The major adverse effect is severe hypotension in as many as 85% of patients, which may lead to myocardial infarctions, pulmonary edema, and strokes.This hypotension is thought to be due to a capillary leak syndrome resulting from extravasation of plasma proteins and fluid into extravascular space and a loss of vascular tone. Patients with significant cardiac, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or CNS conditions should not receive therapy with aldesleukin. Other adverse reactions include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, anorexia, altered mental status, fevers, and fatigue.