трет-Бутилэтиловый эфир

История

In the 1990s, the production of other fuel oxygenates began, with the appearance of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether, CAS RN 637- 92-3 (ETBE), first produced in France in 1992, and tertiary-amyl methyl ether, CAS RN 994-05-8 (TAME). To their number others have been added, such as diisopropyl ether, CAS RN 108-20-3 (DIPE) and, most recently, tertiary-amyl ethyl ether, CAS RN 919-94-8 (TAEE), which is being produced in Germany; however, the use of these oxygenates is currently small scale. Alcohols, such as ethanol, CAS RN 64-17-5 (EtOH) and methanol, may also be used as fuel oxygenates, but methanol is not used as such, although it is used in China as a liquid fuel for passenger cars and for synthesis of dimethyl ether as an alternative to diesel fuel for trucks and buses. Ethers have the advantage over alcohols in currently designed engines because alcohols in petrol tend to make the blend very volatile and water soluble, possibly creating problems in the fueldistribution system and vehicle engine. Perhaps the larger-scale use of ethanol in fuel oxygenation is in the production of ETBE or coblending with ETBE.

Химические свойства

tert-Butyl ethyl ether is a colourless to light yellow liquid at a temperature range of -94 to 72.6 °C. It is soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, and water. tert-Butyl ethyl ether has a strong, highly objectionable odor and taste at relatively low concentrations. This chemical is highly flammable and reacts with strong oxidizing agents. tert-Butyl ethyl ether is stable when stored at room temperature in tightly closed containers.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Highly flammable. tert-Butyl ethyl ether may react with air to form dangerous peroxides. Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

TERT-BUTYL ETHYL ETHER can act as a base to form salts with strong acids and addition complexes with Lewis acids. May react violently with strong oxidizing agents. Relatively inert in other reactions, which typically involve the breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond.

Угроза здоровью

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

Экологическая судьба

Due to the usage of Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE ) as a fuel additive, ETBE may be released into air, soil, and water. Ethyl tertiary butyl ether will exist as a vapor at 25 °C due to its vapor pressure of 124mmHg and is estimated to have a half-life of 2 days. Upon release into the soil, ETBE is anticipated to have a high mobility based on the high soil organic carbon–water partitioning coefficient of 9–160. Once in the water, ETBE is not predicted to adsorb onto suspended particles and is likely to resist biodegradation (Deeb et al., 2001). Based on the Henry’s law constant, ETBE is likely to be volatized from the surface of the water (HSDB, 2012). A volatilization halflife of 3 h to 4 days is anticipated from water solutions. A bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 9 was estimated for ETBE to accumulate in fish, suggesting a relatively low propensity for aquatic bioaccumulation (HSDB, 2012).

Методы очистки

Dry the ether with CaSO4, pass it through an alumina column, and fractionally distil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 1618.]