THORIUM NITRATE HYDRATE

Химические свойства

white solid

Использование

Reagent for determination of fluorine, thoriated tungsten filaments.

Подготовка

The phosphates are dissolved in cone, hydrochloric acid and precipitated with oxalic acid, and the thoroughly washed precipitate is extracted with warm aqueous Na2CO3. Most of the rare earths stay in the residue, while the thorium dissolves in the form of a carbonate complex, Na6Th(CO3)5. The material is freed of the remaining traces of rare earths by repeated crystallization in the form of the sulfate Th(SO4)2?8H2O. The procedure consists of precipitation of the hydroxide with ammonia and solution of the latter in sulfuric acid to re-form the sulfate. The precipitate from the last purification stage is dissolved in nitric acid to yield the nitrate.

Общее описание

A white crystalline mass. Mildly toxic. Not combustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. May explode in a fire if in large quantities or if the combustible material is finely divided. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Mildly radioactive. Radioactive materials emit certain rays detectable only by instruments. Minimal radiation hazard in transport. No protective shielding for packages is required.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Somewhat soluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

Thorium nitrate is soluble in water and very soluble in alcohol (ethanol) and acids and is not combustible but accelerates burning of combustible materials. Thorium nitrate is highly reactive and incompatible with combustible materials, organic materials, and finely powdered metals. It may explode in a fire if in large quantities or if the combustible material is finely divided. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires. Thorium nitrate, on contact with oxidising agent, oxidisable materials, and combustible and/or organic materials, causes fire and chemical hazards and violent explosion.
Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates; mixtures a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride. or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109]. With water forms a weak solution of nitric acid, the reaction is not hazardous.

Опасность

Dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials, strong oxidizing agent. Radioactive.

Угроза здоровью

Compound has low chemical toxicity, but alpha emission is expected to constitute a hazard if a fairly large amount is inhaled or ingested. Dust may irritate eyes and cause diffuse dermatitis. Beta and gamma emission is small.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intratracheal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Radioactive. An oxidizing material; when in contact with readily combustible substances will cause violent combustion or ignition. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also THORIUM and NITRATES.