BENDIOCARB

Химические свойства

Bendiocarb is an odorless, white crystalline solid. Some of the formulations of bendiocarb are classii ed as a GUP, while Turcam and its 2.5 G formulation have been classii ed as a RUP. Bendiocarb is stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but should not be mixed with alkaline preparations. Thermal decomposition products may include toxic oxides of nitrogen. It is non-corrosive. Bendiocarb as a carbamate insecticide is effective against a wide range of insects that cause nuisance and act as disease vectors. It is used to control mosquitoes, l ies, wasps, ants, l eas, cockroaches, silveri sh, ticks, and other pests in homes, industrial plants, and food storage sites. In agriculture, it is used against a vari- ety of insects, especially those in the soil. Bendiocarb is also used as a seed treatment on sugar beets and maize and against snails and slugs. Pesticides containing bendiocarb are formulated as dusts, granules, ultra-low volume sprays, and as wettable powders

Использование

Bendiocarb is a benzodioxolyl carbamate derivative. Bendiocarb is commonly used as an insecticide in agriculture against a wide range of pests and insects. Bendiocarb is one of the insecticides recomm ended by world health organization (WHO) for use in malaria control.

Общее описание

White solid. Melting point 265°F (129-30°C). Insoluble in water. Used as a contact insecticide.

Реакции воздуха и воды

Insoluble in water.

Профиль реактивности

BENDIOCARB is a carbamate ester. Carbamates are chemically similar to, but more reactive than amides. Like amides they form polymers such as polyurethane resins. Carbamates are incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is produced by the combination of active metals or nitrides with carbamates. Strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides are incompatible with carbamates.

Опасность

Poison by ingestion, skin absorption.

Угроза здоровью

Highly toxic by all routes of exposure; oralmedian lethal doses in rats, mice, guineapigs, and rabbits range at 30–50 mg/kg;cholinesterase inhibitor; toxic symptomsinclude increased salivation, lacrimation,sweating, blurred vision, twitching of muscle, tremor, weakness, vomiting, abdominalcramps, and diarrhea; high doses can causedeath; absorption through skin may be slow.
LD50 oral (rat): 40 mg/kg
LD50 oral (rabbit): 35 mg/kg
LD50 skin (rat): ~600 mg/kg.

Профиль безопасности

Poison by ingestion. Moderately toxic by skin contact. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also CARBAMATES.

Возможный контакт

A potential danger to those involved in the manufacture, formulation and application of this carbamate insecticide which is used against household pests, in agriculture in seed treatment, and as a foliar spray.

Экологическая судьба

Soil. Though no products were identified, the reported half-life in soil is several days to a few weeks (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). When soil containing bendiocarb was incubated for 4 weeks, the amount remaining was 30.4–47.2% of the applied amount. After one application, the amount of bendiocarb recovered was only 0.9–1.3% (Racke and Coates, 1988). Biodegradation of bendiocarb in soil was enhanced if the soil was pretreated with carbofuran or trimethacarb (Dzantor and Felsot, 1989).
Plant. At planting, bendiocarb was applied at a rate of 1.7 kg/ha. During harvest (110 days following planting), the residues of bendiocarb found in corn (leaves and stems), husks, cobs and kernels were 12, 5, 4 and 3 ppb, respectively. At an app
Chemical/Physical. Bendiocarb is stable to light but in water hydrolyzes to 2,3- isopropylidenedioxyphenol, methylamine and carbon dioxide. The hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 and 25°C is 4 days (Worthing and Hance, 1991).

Метаболический путь

Pathways of bendiocarb metabolism in mammals include hydrolysis to the benzodioxol-4-ol, hydroxylation of the phenyl ring, hydroxylation at the N-methyl moiety and conjugation. Extensive pathways reported for the structurally related carbofuran are not reported for bendiocarb partly because hydroxylation and subsequent oxidation and conjugation at the 3-position is not possible in bendiocarb although it is a major pathway for carbofuran. No domation is available for the metabolism of bendiocarb in plants.

Перевозки

UN2757 Carbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Несовместимости

Carbamates are incompatible with reducing agents, strong acids, oxidizing acids, peroxides, and bases. Contact with active metals or nitrides cause the 360 Bendiocarb release of flammable, and potentially explosive, hydrogen gas. May react violently with bromine, ketones. Incompatible with azo dyes, caustics, ammonia, amines, boranes, hydrazines, strong oxidizers. Keep away from flammable materials and sources of heat and flame.

Утилизация отходов

Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Dispose in accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.

Меры предосторожности

The preliminary risk assessment of the US EPA showed that applicators, including home owners, were at risk when mixing or applying the pesticide. Thus, bendiocarb is no longer sold in the United States. All bendiocarb-containing products in the United States recently had their registrations cancelled due to concerns over exposure of those applying the products. In the UK, however, bendiocarb is still registered as a biocide and amateurs can use it even though it lacks proper warning labels. In view of this, bendiocarb should be purchased and used only by certii ed and trained applicators. Like all RUPs, management must be done only by trained and certii ed workers.