[22R,(+)]-15α-Acetyloxy-5,6β-epoxy-4β,14β,22-trihydroxy-1-oxo-5β-ergosta-2,24-diene-26-oic acid 26,22-lactone

Physapubenolide is natural cytotoxic withanolide antitumor agent, inducing apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and elevating the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio. Downregulation of TIGAR sensitizes the antitumor effect of physapubenolide through increasing intracellular ROS levels to trigger apoptosis and autophagosome formation in human breast carcinoma cells. Metabonomics applied in exploring the antitumour mechanism of physapubenolide on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting glycolysis through the Akt-p53 pathway.