椰子油

成分

やし油は，ココヤシの果実の核の胚乳から圧搾法によって得られる脂肪。白色から淡黄色で特有の臭気がある。融点 23～26℃。カプリル酸 5.5～9.5%，カプリン酸 4.5～9.5%，ラウリン酸 44～52%，ミリスチン酸 13～19%，パルミチン酸 7.5～10.5%などの飽和脂肪酸やオレイン酸 1.5～2.5%，リノール酸 1.5～2.5%などの不飽和脂肪酸，不鹸化物 0.15～0.6%などを含む。

定義

本品は、ココヤシ Cocos nucifela の種子から得られる脂肪油である。

溶解性

エタノール及びアセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。

解説

ヤシ科（APG分類：ヤシ科）のココヤシの果実の核から得られる脂肪。核の含油部分を乾燥したものをコプラcopraという。このコプラから圧搾法により採油される。コプラ油とも称する。コプラの品質は乾燥に左右され、水分が多いものはカビを生じ、油が酸敗するから、水分を8％以下にする必要がある。コプラの乾燥度は、やし油の品質、収量に影響を及ぼす。コプラの形で東南アジアなど熱帯原産地から輸出される。含油量65～75％。マーガリン、カカオ脂代用品（水素添加やし油）、せっけん、高級アルコール、脂肪酸、グリセリン原料として用いられる。なお、パーム核油はやし油にきわめて類似した成分を有している。［福住一雄　2019年5月21日］[参照項目] | パーム核油 小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）

用途

精製油原料等、食用油、石けん洗剤原料

化粧品の成分用途

ヘアコンディショニング剤、閉塞剤、皮膚コンディショニング剤、香料

化学的特性

Coconut oil generally occurs as a white to light-yellow mass or colorless or light-yellow clear oil, with a slight odor characteristic of coconut and a mild taste. Refined coconut oil is a white or almost white unctuous mass.
The form that coconut oil takes depends on temperature; it occurs as a pale yellow to colorless liquid between 288℃ and 308℃, as a semisolid at 208℃ , and as a hard brittle crystalline solid below 158℃.

使用

coconut oil is used as a cream base, it is a raw material for soaps, ointments, massage creams, and in sunscreen formulations. Soft white or slightly yellow in color and semisolid in consistency, Copyright 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial Review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. coconut oil is a grouping of primarily short-chain fatty acids bonded with glycerine and expressed from coconut kernels. It is stable when exposed to air. Coconut oil may be irritating to the skin and cause skin rashes. It is also considered comedogenic.

調製方法

Coconut oil is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Cocos nucifera Linn. (Palmae). This oil is then refined to produce refined coconut oil, which is referred to in the coconut industry as RBD (refined, bleached, and deodorized) coconut oil.

一般的な説明

Coconut oil is extracted from the dried pulp of coconuts and usually contains around 63% to 70% oil. It is usually semi-solid when kept at room temperature, with a white or light-yellow to orange appearance and a distinct coconut aroma. The main components of coconut oil are glycerides of lauric acid, myristic acid, and oleic acid. Its melting point ranges from 23 to 28 degrees Celsius, and its relative density falls between 0.917 to 0.919 at 25/25°C. Coconut oil has a saponification value ranging from 250 to 264, with an iodine value of 8 to 12 and an acid value that does not exceed 6. It is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and carbon disulfide, but insoluble in water. When exposed to air, it is prone to rancidity. Coconut oil can be saponified at room temperature with a caustic soda solution. It has many uses, including the production of soap, edible fat, chocolate, candy, and many others.

空気と水の反応

Insoluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Coconut oil react with acids to liberate heat. Heat is also generated by interaction with caustic solutions. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides. Reacts slowly with air to become rancid.

健康ハザード

Oil is essentially nontoxic, but can cause mild irritation of eyes on contact.

応用例（製薬）

Coconut oil has traditionally been used in ointments where it forms a readily absorbable base. It has been used particularly in preparations intended for application to the scalp, where it could be applied as a solid but would liquefy when applied to the skin. Coconut oil is readily saponified by strong alkalis even in the cold and, as the soap produced is not readily precipitated by sodium chloride, it has been used in the making of ‘marine’ soap.
Coconut oil may be used in the formulation of a range of other preparations including emulsions and nanoemulsions, intranasal solutions, and rectal capsules and suppositories. In addition, coconut oil has been reported to have antifungal activity against a range of Candida species.
Coconut oil has been used therapeutically in a lotion for the eradication of head lice, and was included in a regime used to treat a patient who had ingested 16.8 g aluminum phosphide.
Concern has been expressed at the potential use of coconut oil as a suntan lotion as it does not afford any protection against ultraviolet light.

安全性

When administered orally, coconut oil is essentially nontoxic, although ingestion of large amounts may cause digestive or gastrointestinal irritation or upset. Coconut oil can act as an irritant when applied to the skin and when in contact with the eyes; it may be absorbed through the skin. Inhalation of mist or vapor may cause respiratory tract irritation.

貯蔵

Coconut oil remains edible, and mild in taste and odor, for several years under ordinary storage conditions. However, on exposure to air, the oil readily oxidizes and becomes rancid, acquiring an unpleasant odor and strong acid taste.
Store in a tight, well-filled container, protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 258℃. Coconut oil may be combustible at high temperature, and may spontaneously heat and ignite if stored under hot and wet conditions.

不和合性

Coconut oil reacts with oxidizing agents, acids and alkalis. Polyethylene is readily permeable to coconut oil.
It has been shown that the increased force required to expel coconut oil from plastic syringes was due to uptake of the oil into the rubber plunger; this resulted in swelling of the rubber plunger and an increased resistance to movement down the syringe barrel.

規制状況(Regulatory Status)

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets; topical creams, solutions, and ointments). Included in scalp ointments and therapeutic shampoos licensed in the UK.