Fumarate is a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate formed by the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase. In the mammalian liver, Fumarate is also a product of the Urea cycle where its release in the cytosol leads to its conversion into malate and subsequently oxaloacetate while generating NADH in the cytosol. Deficiencies in fumarate hydratase are associated with increased cellular concentrations of fumarate and increased incidences of renal cell cancer. This is most likely due to fumarate-mediated upregulation of HIF1. The Fumarate Assay Kit provides a convenient tool for sensitive detection of the fumarate in a variety of samples.
