過マンガン酸カリウム

外観

紫黒色又は緑黒色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末

溶解性

水に可溶 (5.3g/100ml水, 15℃), アセトン, メタノールに可溶。水に溶けやすい。水にやや溶けやすく、水溶液は紫紅色である。

解説

過マンガン酸カリウム緑色光沢のある赤紫色結晶。空気中で安定。約 200℃で分解し，酸素を発生する。比重 2.70。水に易溶，アセトン，アルコールに少し溶ける。アルカリ，有機物により容易に分解。塩酸と反応し塩素を発生する。濃硫酸によりしばしば爆発が起り危険。酸化剤として広範な用途があり，過マンガン酸カリウム滴定 (酸化還元滴定 ) ，有機合成，殺菌，漂白などに広く用いられている。

用途

日本薬局方のおける酸化還元容量分析用標準液。

用途

還元性物質の定量分析(容量分析)

用途

汎用試薬、調製液の原料、医薬品研究用。

用途

酸化剤, 水銀分析前処理剤。

用途

汎用試薬、酸化還元滴定用標準液調製原料。

用途

サッカリン製造、医薬品

用途

窒素酸化物測定用の酸化液調製用。

用途

高感度比色分析及び高感度機器分析のおける酸化剤。

用途

過マンガン酸カリウムの用途：酸化剤、漂白剤、医薬、分析用試薬。

効能

外皮用殺菌消毒薬

商品名

過マンガン酸カリウム (健栄製薬); 過マンガン酸カリウム (山善製薬); 過マンガン酸カリウム (日興製薬)

確認試験

本品の水溶液(1→100)は過マンガン酸塩の定性反応を呈する．

定量法

本品を乾燥し，その約0.6gを精密に量り，水に溶かし 正確に200mLとし，試料溶液とする．0.05mol/Lシュウ酸液 25mLを500mLの三角フラスコ中に正確に量り，薄めた硫酸 (1→20)200mLを加え，液温を30～35℃とし，試料溶液をビ ュレットに入れ，穏やかに振り混ぜながら，その23mLを速 やかに加え，液の赤色が消えるまで放置する．次に55～ 60℃に加温し，30秒間持続する赤色を呈するまで，徐々に 滴定する．
0.05mol/Lシュウ酸液1mL＝3.161mg KMnO₄

純度試験

(１) 水不溶物 本品を粉末とし，その2.0gを水200mLに 溶かし，質量既知のガラスろ過器(G4)を用いてろ過し，不溶 物を洗液が無色となるまで水で洗い，105℃で2時間乾燥す るとき，その量は4mg以下である．
(２) ヒ素 本品0.40gを水10mLに溶かし，硫酸 1mLを加え，過酸化水素(30)を滴加して完全に脱色した後， 砂浴上でほとんど蒸発し，残留物を水5mLに溶かす．これ を検液とし，試験を行うとき，次の標準色より濃くない．
標準色：水10mLに硫酸1mL及び検液の調製と同量の過酸 化水素(30)を加え，砂浴上でほとんど蒸発し，ヒ素標準 液2.0mL及び水を加えて5mLとし，以下検液の試験と 同様に操作する(5ppm以下)．

貯法

容器 気密容器．

乾燥減量

0.5％以下(1g，シリカゲル，18時間)．

説明

Potassium permanganate, is composed of dark purple, odorless crystals with a blue metallic sheen. It is soluble in water, decomposes at 465°F (240°C), and is a powerful oxidizing material. Potassium permanganate is a dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials. Potassium permanganate is incompatible with sulfuric acid, glycerin, and ethylene glycol. The four-digit UN identification number is 1490. The primary uses of potassium permanganate are as an oxidizer, bleach, or dye; during radioactive decontamination of the skin; and in the manufacture of organic chemicals.

化学的特性

Potassium permanganate is a dark purple crystalline solid with a sweet taste that decompose at 240°C and explode in contact with oxidizable materials.Used as a disinfectant and analytical reagent, in dyes,bleaches,and medicines,and as a chemical intermediate.

物理的性質

Dark purple rhombohedral crystal; density 2.703 g/cm³; stable in air;decomposes at about 240°C; moderately soluble in cold water, 6.38 g/100mL at 20°C, soluble in hot water, 25 g/100mL at 65°C; decomposed by alcohol, acetone and many organic solvents causing their oxidation; also decomposed by concentrated acids.

使用

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple-bluish sheen crystal with a slightly sweet taste. It is produced by oxidizing manganate in an electrolytic cell or by passing carbon dioxide through a hot solution of manganate and then cooling until permanganate crystals form. It is a strong oxidizing agent, particularly with organic matter, which makes it a good disinfectant, deodorizer, bleach, and antiseptic.

製造方法

Potassium permanganate is produced from manganese ore containing at least 60% manganese dioxide, MnO₂. The finely ground ore is mixed with 50%potassium hydroxide and heated at about 350°C in rotary kilns. This converts manganese dioxide to potassium manganate:
MnO₂2+ 4KOH + O₂→2K₂MnO₄+ 2H₂O
Potassium manganate obtained above is oxidized to the permanganate either by electrolysis or by chemical oxidation. Electrolytic oxidation is more common. Electrolytic cells have cathodes made of iron rods and nickel-plated anodes. Potassium manganate melt is extracted with water prior to its elec-trolysis and then electrolyzed at a cell voltage of 2.3V and current of about 1,400 amp. Permanganate is produced at theanode and water is reduced to gaseous hydrogen and hydroxyl ions at the cathode:
2K₂MnO₄4+ 2H₂O →2KMnO₄+ 2KOH + H₂.

定義

potassium permanganate: A compound,KMnO₄, forming purple crystalswith a metallic sheen, soluble inwater (intense purple solution), acetone,and methanol, but decomposedby ethanol; r.d. 2.70; decompositionbegins slightly above 100°C and iscomplete at 240°C. The compound isprepared by fusing manganese(IV)oxide with potassium hydroxide toform the manganate and electrolysingthe manganate solutionusing iron electrodes at about 60°C.An alternative route employs productionof sodium manganate by a similarfusion process, oxidation withchlorine and sulphuric acid, thentreatment with potassium chloride tocrystallize the required product.Potassium manganate(VII) is widelyused as an oxidizing agent and as adisinfectant in a variety of applications,and as an analytical reagent.

適応症

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an oxidizing agent that is rapidly rendered inactive in the presence of organic material. The oxidizing action of the chemical is purportedly responsible for its germicidal activity. It is also an astringent and a fungicide. This preparation stains the skin and clothing, and undissolved crystals will cause a chemical burn. It is used less commonly now (primarily as an antifungal agent) and may be little better than water as a wet dressing. A 1:4,000 to 1:16,000 dilution is used on weeping or denuded surfaces (one crushed 65-mg tablet dissolved in 250 to 500 mL; one 330-mg tablet dissolved in 1,500 mL to 3,000 mL). For use as a medicated bath, 8 g (approximately 2 tsp) should be dissolved in 200 L (a full bathtub) of water to produce about a 1:25,000 dilution. Skin stains may be removed with a weak solution of oxalic acid or sodium thiosulfate.

一般的な説明

A purplish colored crystalline solid. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. If the combustible material is finely divided the mixture may be explosive. Contact with liquid combustible materials may result in spontaneous ignition. Contact with sulfuric acid may cause fire or explosion. Used to make other chemicals and as a disinfectant.

空気と水の反応

Soluble in water.

反応プロフィール

Potassium permanganate is a very powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in acidic surroundings. Reacts with incandescence with aluminum carbide [Mellor 5:872. 1946-47]. Grinding with antimony or arsenic causes ignition of the metals [Mellor 12:322. 1946-47]. Mixtures with acetic acid or acetic anhydride may explode if not kept cold [Von Schwartz 1918. p. 34]. Explosions can occur when acidified solutions come in contact with benzene, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethyl alcohol, petroleum, or organic matter. Contact with glycerol may produce an explosion [Pieters 1957. p. 30]. Contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution can produce an explosion [Haz. Chem. Data 1973. p. 230]. Contact with solid hydroxylamine produces an immediate white flame [Mellor 8:294. 1946-47]. Transport through a polypropylene tube ignited the tube [MCA Case History 1842. 1972]. Mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid in a vessel containing moisture caused an explosion (due to formation of manganese heptoxide) [Delhez 1967].

危険性

Dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with organic materials, powerful oxidizing agent.

健康ハザード

Burns and stains the skin dark brown. If ingested will cause severe distress of gastro-intestinal system. May be fatal if over 4 oz. are consumed.

火災危険

Behavior in Fire: May cause fire on contact with combustibles. Containers may explode.

工業用途

This is a crystalline substance with a deep purple color, extremely soluble in water (60 g/L). At a temperature above 200 °C, KMnO4 decomposes according to the following reaction: 2KMnO4 +Heat? K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂
Potassium permanganate has a depressing effect on most sulfide minerals including sphalerite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. It has been used to depress pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite in a pyrite flotation alkaline circuit. Studies were carried out on the depression of copper in copper–molybdenite separation with promising results. There is very little known about the depressing action of KMnO₄ in relation to pH.

職業ばく露

Potassium permanganate is used in solutions as a disinfectant, topical antibacterial agent; deodorizer, bleaching agent; and in air and water purification.

輸送方法

UN1490 Potassium permanganate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.

純化方法

Crystallise it from hot water (4mL/g at 65o), then dry it in a vacuum desiccator over CaSO4. Phillips and Taylor [J Chem Soc 4242 1962] cooled an aqueous solution of KMnO4, saturated at 60o, to room temperature in the dark, and filtered it through a No.4 porosity sintered-glass filter funnel. The solution was allowed to evaporate in air in the dark for 12hours, and the supernatant liquid was decanted from the crystals, which were dried as quickly as possible with filter paper.

不和合性

Potassium permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent, that is, it will initiate a fire or explosion if brought into contact with reducing materials; combustibles, organic materials; strong acids; or oxidizable solid, liquid or gas; glycerin, ethylene glycol; polypropylene, hydroxyl- amine, hydrogen trisulfide; antimony, arsenic, sulfuric acid; hydrogen peroxide; phosphorus, and any finely divided combustible material. It will decompose, and release oxygen, if brought into contact with heat, alcohol, acids, ferrous salts; iodides and oxalates.

廃棄物の処理

React with reducing agent, neutralize and flush to sewer